跨文化交际复习unit 5.ppt
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1、2012-2013Intercultural CommunicationsContents vUnit 1 Communication Across Cultures-An Introduction vUnit 2 Culture and Communication vUnit 3 Daily Verbal Communication vUnit 4 Verbal CommunicationvUnit 5 Language and CulturevUnit 6 Nonverbal Communication vUnit 7 Cultural Differences vUnit 8 Interc
2、ultural AdaptationUnit 5 Language and C1.Warm-up Exercisesv1)Proverbs and sayingsv2)Word playv3)Case study v4)Questions vThe limits of my language are the limits of my world.vLanguage most shows a man.Speak,that I may see thee.-Ben JohnsonvThe sum of human wisdom is not contained in any one language
3、,and no single language is capable of expressing all forms and degrees of human comprehension.-Ezra PoundWarm-up:Proverbs and sayings2.The Relationship between Language and Culture vLanguage has a dual character:it is both a means of communication and a carrier of culture.vCulture:totality of belief
4、s and practices of a society,nothing is of greater strategic importance than the language through which its beliefs are expressed and transmitted and by which most communication of its members takes place.vv2.1 language is a part of culture and plays a very 2.1 language is a part of culture and play
5、s a very important role in it.important role in it.vThe relation of language to culture is that of part to whole.vA film-maker:“A different language is a different view of life.”vLanguage:the keystone of culture vv2.2 language is influenced and shaped by 2.2 language is influenced and shaped by cult
6、ure and it reflects culture.culture and it reflects culture.v“In the broadest sense,language is the symbolic representation of a group of people,and it consists of their historical cultural backgrounds as well as their ways of living and thinking”.3.Sapir-Whorf HypothesisvEdward Sapir(1884-1939)and
7、Benjamin Lee Whorf(1897-1941)vvthe strong notion of linguistic determinism:the strong notion of linguistic determinism:language determines thoughtvvthe notion of linguistic relativism:the notion of linguistic relativism:speakers of different languages perceive and experience the world differentlyvLi
8、nguistic evidence of cultural differences:va.Color wordsvb.Metaphor and Associationvc.Euphemism&taboos vd.Terms of address 4.Linguistic evidence of cultural differences-culturally loaded words v1)Color words-“Colorful”language v2)Metaphor and Associationv3)Euphemisms v4)Taboos v5)Kinship terms and t
9、erms of addressConnotations of wordsColor terms Color terms Chinese Chinese English English RED/RED/红色红色红色红色 wedding;bright with happiness;cheerfulness;joyfulness bloody violence;warning;danger;deficit WHITE/WHITE/白色白色白色白色Purity;innocence;cleanness;death(funeral)purity;innocence;holiness(wedding)BLU
10、E/BLUE/蓝色蓝色蓝色蓝色 Clearness;gloom gloom;depression;low spirit;Nobility GREEN/GREEN/绿色绿色绿色绿色life;youth;vitality;vividnessenvy;inexperienceYELLOW/YELLOW/黄色黄色黄色黄色Sunshine;nobility;pornographic association timidness;coward;particular usage Colors-“Colorful”language vred-letter daysvto paint the town red v
11、to roll out the red carpet for someone v“开门红开门红”vto see red,waving a red flag v红光满面红光满面,红卫兵红卫兵,又红又专又红又专,一颗红心一颗红心va whitewhite liev红红白喜白喜事事 happy occasions?v白菜白菜(Chinese cabbage),白蚁,白蚁(termite),白熊,白熊(polar bear)v白费事白费事(all in vain,a waste of time and energy),白送,白送(give away,free of charge),白开水,白开水(bo
12、iled water),白,白肉肉(plain boiled pork),坦白,坦白(to confess,to make a clean breast of things),白痴,白痴(idiot)vin a blue moodvhaving the bluesva blue Monday vBoth George W.Bush and John Kerry are from blue-born family.vvyellow movies,yellow books,yellow music?v黄色电影,书刊,音乐 vpornographic pictures,obscene movies,
13、filthy books,vulgar music vUS:Yellow Pages2)Metaphor and Associationv“Rise like lions after slumbervIn unvanquishable number-vShake your chains to earth like dewvWhich in sleep had fallen on you-vYou are many-they are few.”Percy Bysshe Shelleyv“You chicken!”he cried,looking at Tom with contempt.vThe
14、 stork visited the Howard Johnstons yesterday.v你真熊!v那家伙简直像个泥鳅!(slippery as an eel鳝鱼)Similar associations vHe is as sly as a fox.He is foxy.Youve got to watch him.vYou ass!You stupid ass!How could you do a thing like that?!vHe doesnt have an idea of his own.He just parrots what other people say.vThe
15、children were as busy as bees,making preparations for the festival.vdeer are meek and gentle;vlambs are lovable;vpigs are dirty and greedy;vmonkeys are naughty,playful;jackals(豺)are greedy,contemptible(卑鄙的);vwolves are bloodthirsty and cruel.Different associationsvA.在一类文化中提到某些动物时往往可以在一类文化中提到某些动物时往往可
16、以联想到某种特征,而在另一种文化中却连联想到某种特征,而在另一种文化中却连想不到任何特征。想不到任何特征。v“A bull in a china shop”v“鹤鹤”、“龟龟”Eg.Turtle-neck sweatervB.有些动物在两种文化中人们会联想到某种有些动物在两种文化中人们会联想到某种特征,但所联想的特征却不同。特征,但所联想的特征却不同。va.As wise as an owl vs“夜猫子进宅夜猫子进宅”vc.Dragon and phoenix vs“龙龙”“凤凤”vb.“Dog”in English vs“狗狗”in Chinese“Dog”in English and 狗
17、狗in Chinese:vMans best friend,Watchdogv Im a lucky dog.(幸运儿)vTom is a gay dog.(快乐的人)vLove me,love my dog.(爱屋及乌)vEvery dog has his day.vGive a dog a had name and hang him.vBe as faithful as a dug.v狗胆包天狗胆包天 狗急跳墙狗急跳墙 狗仗人势狗仗人势 狗皮膏药狗皮膏药 狗血喷头狗血喷头 狗尾续貂狗尾续貂 狗东西狗东西 狗腿子狗腿子 放狗屁放狗屁 痛打落水狗痛打落水狗 狗拿耗子,多管闲事狗拿耗子,多管闲事
18、 狗嘴里吐不出象牙狗嘴里吐不出象牙 狗改不了吃屎狗改不了吃屎3)Euphemisms vDeath:vgo,depart,depart from the world forever,decease,pass away,breathe ones last,go the way of all flesh,pay ones debt to nature,go to a better world,be in heaven,be with God,etc.v去逝,逝世,故去,病故,寿终,亡故,牺牲,作去逝,逝世,故去,病故,寿终,亡故,牺牲,作古,谢世,弃世,与世长辞,去见马克思,驾鹤西古,谢世,弃世,
19、与世长辞,去见马克思,驾鹤西游,老了游,老了vshuffle off this mortal coil(Shakespeare)vIt seemed to him that life was but a trouble,at best,and he more than half envied Jimmy Hodges,so lately released.(The Adventures of Tom Sawyer)vKick the bucket,be done forv翘辫子,完蛋,丧命,毙命,一命呜呼,呜呼哀哉翘辫子,完蛋,丧命,毙命,一命呜呼,呜呼哀哉Other Euphemistic
20、SubstitutesvPlain,heavy set,on the heavy side(referring to men),plump(women),slender,physically handicappedvan adult community vsenior citizen,the mature,seasoned man,the advanced in age vGo to the toilet;go to the mens(ladies)room,rest room,washroom to wash ones hands,to relieve oneself 4)Taboos vs
21、ome words or expressions are to be avoided because tradition or social custom strongly frowns on their use.Questions unacceptable:vHow old are you?vWhats your age?vHow much do you make?vWhats your income?vHow much did that dress cost you?vHow much did you pay for that car?vAre you married or single?
22、vHow come youre still single?vSo youre divorced?vWhat was the reason?vCouldnt you two get along?vAre you a Republican or a Democrat?vWhy did you vote for?vDo you go to church?vWhats your religion?vAre you Catholic?5)Kinship terms and addressing terms v爷爷爷爷 奶奶奶奶 姥姥姥姥 姥爷姥爷v叔叔叔叔 伯伯伯伯 舅舅舅舅 姨父姨父 姑父姑父 v阿姨
23、阿姨 姑姑姑姑 舅母舅母 婶婶婶婶 伯母伯母v小姨子小姨子 小叔子小叔子 小舅子小舅子 小姑子小姑子 大嫂大嫂 弟妹弟妹 姐夫姐夫 妹妹夫夫v婆婆婆婆 公公公公 岳母岳母 岳父岳父 v表兄(弟)表兄(弟)堂兄(弟)堂兄(弟)表姐(妹表姐(妹)堂姐(妹)堂姐(妹)v侄子侄子 侄女侄女 外甥外甥 外甥女外甥女 v连襟连襟 妯娌妯娌 .vGrandfather(grandmother)vuncle vauntvSister/brother-in-lawvMother/father-in-lawvCousinvNiece/nephewv?husbands of sisters/wives of bro
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