新概念一语法总结.doc
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1、新概念一语法总结上一时态:一般现在时,现在进展时,一般过去时,现在完成时,一般将来时,过去进展时,过去完成时,过去将来时1.一般现在时表示一般性,经常性的动作或一般性事实。含有be动词的句子Heisateacher.Thegirlisverybeautiful.TimandJackarestudents.变疑问句将be动词移到句首IsheateacherIsthegirlverybeautifulAreTimandJackstudents变否认句在be动词后面加notHeisnotateacher.Thegirlisnotverybeautiful.TimandJackarenotstuden
2、ts.肯定答复及否认答复Yes,heis.No,heisnot.Yes,sheis.No,sheisnot.Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.不含有动词的句子,即含有一般动词的句子第三人称单数及单数名词Helikesbooks.Shelikeshim.Thedoglikesbones.变疑问句在句首加does,动词变为原型DoeshelikebooksDoesshelikehimDoesthedoglikebones变否认句在主语及动词之间加doesnt,动词变为原型Hedoesntlikebooks.Shedoesntlikehim.Thedogdoesntlikebone
3、s.肯定答复及否认答复:Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesnt.Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesntYes,itdoes.No,itdoesnt.注意:第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要与名词复数混淆,变否认句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数名词Iwanttohaveabath.Wehavesomemeat.Thestudentslikesmartteachers.变疑问句在句首加doDoyouwanttohaveabathDowehaveanymeatDothestudentslikesmartteachers变否认句在主语与动词之间加dont.Youd
4、ontwanttohaveabath.Wedonthaveanymeat.Thestudentsdontlikesmartteachers.肯定答复及否认答复Yes,Ido.No,Idont.Yes,wedo.No,wedontYes,theydo.No,theydont.2.现在进展时表示现在正在进展的动作。构成:主语be动词动词的现在分词其它成分现在分词的构成见附录Wearehavinglunch.Heisreadingabook.Thedogisrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Arewehavi
5、nglunchIshereadingabookIsthedogrunningafteracatAretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver变否认句在be动词后面加notWearenothavinglunch.Heisnotreadingabook.Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.特殊疑问句:what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑问词动词主语现在分词WhatareyoudoingWhatisshedoingWhatisthedogdoing(必背)没有进展时的动词表
6、示状态,思想,感情与感觉的动词不能表示正在进展的动作1.表示感觉,感官的词see,hear,like,love,want,2.have,has当拥有讲时没有进展时3.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件,常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago,含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,am,is的过去式为was,are的过去式为wereIwasatthebutchers.Youwereastudentayearago.Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.变疑问句将be动
7、词移动到句首WereyouatthebutchersWereyouastudentayearagoWastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago变否认句在be动词后面加notIwasnotatthebutchers.Youwerenotastudentayearago.Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.肯定答复否认答复Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasnot.Yes,youwere.No,youwerenot.Yes,he/shewas.No,he/shewasnot.特殊疑问句:Whatdidyoudo(必背)不含有b
8、e动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,动词过去式构成见附录Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboywenttoarestaurant.TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.KingStreetayearago.变疑问句在句首加did,动词变为原型DidyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterdayDidtheboygotoarestaurantDidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearagoKingStreetayearago变否认句在主语与动词之间加didnotIdidnotfinishmyho
9、meworkyesterday.Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.KingStreetayearago.肯定答复及否认答复Yes,Idid.No,Ididnt.Yes,hedid.No,hedidnt.Yes,theydid.No,theydidnot.4.现在完成时构成:主语+助动词have,has+过去分词用法:1)表示过去发生的与现在有某种联系的动作,常与just,usually,already,since等时间副词连用Ihavejusthadlunch.(饱了,不用再吃了)Hehas
10、hadacupoftea.不渴了,不用再喝Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.不能再度假了Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.已经知道书的内容了,不用再看了2)询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时:HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkHaveyoubeentoBeijingHaveheseenthefilm3)表示开场于过去并持续到现在的动作IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.4)表示一种经历,经历:去过地方,做过事情,经历过事情Ih
11、aveneverhadabath.Ihaveneverseenafilm.Ihaveneverbeentocinema.IhaveeverbeentoParis.Havebeento表示去过,havegoneto表示去了IhavebeentoLondon.(人已经回来)HehasgonetoLondon.人还在那里5)表示一种结果,一般不与时间副词联用Ihavelostmypen.Ihavehurtmyself.Hehasbecomeateacher.Shehasbrokenmyheart.句型变化:变疑问句将助动词移到句首,变否认句在助动词后面加not.e.g.Haveyoulostyour
12、penIhavenotlostmypen.肯定答复及否认答复Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavenot.特殊疑问句:WhathaveyoudoneWhathashedone一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:但凡有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时注意:有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再延续,因此不能与表示一段时间状语连用错:IveleftBeijingfor3days.对:IleftBeijing3daysago.Ihavebeenawayfrombeingfor3days.5.一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作,经常与tomorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow
13、,theyearafterthenext,infivehourstime,etc.表示将来的词联用构造:主语+助动词will+动词原形IwillgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.变疑问句将助动词移到句首WillyougotoAmericatomorrowWillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenextWillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning
14、变否认句在助动词后面加notIwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning肯定答复及否认答复Yes,Iwill.No,Iwillnot.Yes,he/shewill.No,he/shewillnot.Yes,hewill.No,hewillnot.特殊疑问句:Whatwillyoudo6.过去完成时:用法:在过去的时间里,两个动作中,发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。构造:had+过去分词Aftershe
15、hadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号,如果放在主句后那么不用加。变疑问句将助动词移到句首Hadshefinishedherhomework变否认句在助动词后面加notShehadntfinishedherhomework.肯定答复及否认答复Yes,shehad.No,shehadnt.特殊疑问句:Whathadshedone7.
16、过去进展时表示过去正在进展的动作,经常用在when,while,as引导的状语从句中。构造:was/were+doingWhenmyhusbandwasgoingintothediningroomthismorning,hedroppedsomecoinsonthefloor.Whilewewerehavingdinner,myfatherwaswatchingTV.8过去将来时构造:woulddoShesaidshewouldgoherethenextmorning.二特殊句型:therebe句型,begoingto构造1.Begoingto构造表示打算,准备,方案做某事构造:主语+be动词
17、+goingto+动词原型Iamgoingtomakeabookcase.Theyaregoingtopaintit.Thefatherisgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.变疑问句将be动词移到句首AreyougoingtomakeabookcaseAretheygoingtopaintitIsthefathergoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter变否认句在be动词后面加notIamnotgoingtomakeabookcase.Theyaregoingtopaintit.Thefatherisnotgoingtogiv
18、ethebookcasetohisdaughter.肯定答复及否认答复Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.Yes,heis.No,heisnot.特殊疑问句WhatareyougoingtodoWhataretheygoingtodoWhatisthefathergoingtodo(必背)2.Therebe句型表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)Thereis单数名词表示场所的词一般为介词词组Thereisabookinthisroom.ThereisapenonthetableThereare复数名词表示场所的词一般为介词词组Therearet
19、wopensonthetable.Therearethreeschoolsthere.变疑问句将be动词移到句首IsthereabookinthisroomAretheretwopensonthetable变否认句在动词后面加notThereisnotabookinthisroom.Therearenottwopensonthetable.肯定答复及否认答复Yes,thereis.No,thereisnot.Yes,thereare.No,therearenot.三问句:一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,否认疑问句2一般疑问句:助动词/be动词+主语Areyouate
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