英语考研真题.pdf
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1、English2009年 考 研 英 语 真 题 和 答 案 Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smarthumans are.1 the fruit-fly experiments describ
2、ed in Carl Zimmers piece inthe Science Times on Tuesday.Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter thanthe average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives.This suggests that 3 bulbs burnlonger,that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence,it 5 out,is a high-priced option.It takes mor
3、e upkeep,burns morefuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning a gradual7 instead of instinct.Plenty of other species are able to learn,and one of thethings theyve apparently learned is when to 8.Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence?Thafs the question behind thisnew r
4、esearch.I like it.Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the speciesweve left in the dust LQ.-wise,it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our ownintelligence might be.This is 12 the mind of every animal Fve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experimentsanimals
5、would 13 on humans if they had the chance.Every cat with an owner,14,is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning,we believe that 15animals ran the labs,they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience,ourfaithfulness,our memory for terrain.They would try to decide whatintelligence in h
6、umans is really 17,not merely how much of it there is.18,they would hope to study a 19 question:Are humans actually aware of theworld they live in?20 the results are inconclusive.1.A Suppose B Consider C Observe D Imagine2.A tended B feared C happened D threatened3.A thinner B stabler C lighter D di
7、mmer4.A tendency B advantage C inclination D priority5.A insists on B sums up C turns out D puts forward6.A off B behind C over D along7.A incredible B spontaneous Cinevitable D gradual8.A fight B doubt C stop D think9.A invisible B limited C indefinite D different10.A upward B forward C afterward D
8、 backward11.A features B influences C results D costs12.A outside B on C by D across13.A deliver B carry C perform D apply14.A by chance B in contrast C as usual D for instance15.A if B unless C as D lest16.A moderate B overcome C determine D reach17.A at B for C after D with18.A Above all B After a
9、ll C However D Otherwise19.A fundamental B comprehensive C equivalent D hostile20.A By accident B In time C So far D Better stillSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text bychoosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET
10、 1.(40 points)TextlHabits are a funny thing.We reach for them mindlessly,setting our brains onauto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.uNotchoice,but habit rules the unreflecting herd,“William Wordsworth said in the19th century.In the ever-changing 21st century,even t
11、he word“habit“carriesa negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativityand innovation.But brain researchers have discovered that when weconsciously develop new habits,we create parallel synaptic paths,and evenentirely new brain cells,that can jump
12、our trains of thought onto new,innovative tracks.But dont bother trying to kill off old habits;once those ruts of procedure areworn into the hippocampus,theyre there to stay.Instead,the new habits wedeliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypassthose old roads.“The firs
13、t thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,“saysDawna Markova,author of“The Open Mind”and an executive changeconsultant for Professional Thinking Partners.4But we are taught instead todecide,just as our president calls himself the Decider/She adds,however,that“to decide is to kill of
14、f all possibilities but one.A good innovationalthinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.All of us work through problems in ways of which were unaware,she says.Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacityto approach challenges in four primary ways:analyt
15、ically,procedurally,relationally(or collaboratively)and innovatively.At puberty,however,thebrain shuts down half of that capacity,preserving only those modes of thoughtthat have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysi
16、s andprocedure,meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative andcollaborative modes of thought.4This breaks the major rule in the Americanbelief system that anyone can do anything/5 explains M.J.Ryan,author ofthe 2006 book uThis Year I and Ms.Markovas business partner.Thats a lie that we have
17、 perpetuated,and it fosters commonness.Knowingwhat youre good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.This iswhere developing new habits comes in.21.The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by beingA.casual B.familiar C.mechanical D.changeable.22.The researchers have discovered that the forma
18、tion of habit can beA.predicted B.regulated C.traced D.guided23.“ruts,(in line one,paragraph 3)has closest meaning toA.tracks B.series C.characteristics D.connections24.Ms.Markovas comments suggest that the practice of standard testing?A,prevents new habits form being formedB,no longer emphasizes co
19、mmonnessC,maintains the inherent American thinking modelD,complies with the American belief system25.Ryan most probably agree thatA.ideas are born of a relaxing mindB.innovativeness could be taughtC.decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD.curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise fathe
20、r that knows his own child,but today a man can boost hispaternal(fatherly)wisdom-or at least confirm that hes the kids dad.All heneeds to do is shell our$30 for paternity testing kit(PTK)at his localdrugstore-and another$120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since th
21、ey first becomeavailable without prescriptions last years,according to Doug Fog,chiefoperating officer of Identigene,which makes the over-the-counter kits.Morethan two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public,ranging inprice from a few hundred dollars to more than$2500.Among the most po
22、pular:paternity and kinship testing,which adoptedchildren can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a manypassionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for afamilys geographic roots.Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending
23、it to the company for testing.All tests require a potential candidate with whomto compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical,There is a kind of false precision beinghawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,“says Trey Duster,a New York University sociologist.He notes that each indi
24、vidual has manyancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back.Yet mostancestry testing only considers a single lineage,either the Y chromosomeinherited through men in a fathers line or mitochondrial DNA,which apassed down only from mothers.This DNA can reveal genetic informationabout
25、only one or two ancestors,even though,for example,just threegenerations back people also have six other great-grandparents or,fourgenerations back,14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as thereference collections to which a sample is com
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