2022届上海市虹口区高考二模英语试题.docx
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1、2022届上海市虹口区高考二模英语试题短对话1.A. Get the mans salad.C. Find a table for the man.2.A. Delighted.C. Relieved.3.A. In a bookstore.C. In a restaurant.4.A. Go to the office.C. Give the woman a ride.5.A. Continue to read.C. Make some coffee.B , Check the order again.D. Pay fbr the mans bill.B. Respectful.D. Dou
2、btful.B. In a shop.D. In a market.B. Repair her car.D. Go to school.B. Meet the woman at the library.D. Go out with some friends.6. He has taken a course in Russian opera.A. He has learned some Russian words in the opera.B. He enjoys seeing the opera even though it is in Russian.C. He does not under
3、stand why students are required to perform an opera in Russian.7. The speakers are unhappy with their life.B , The speakers share a similar view on life.C. The woman is just as unlucky as the man.D. The woman is more sensitive than the man.8. A. The woman does not like the movie.B , The man pays for
4、 the tickets as a rule.People with a rare genetic disorder known as Prader-Willi syndrome never feel full, and this excess hunger can lead to life-threatening obesity(月巴胖症).Scientists studying the problem have now found that the fist-shaped structure known as the cerebellum(小脑)一which had not previou
5、sly been linked to hunger - is key to regulating satiation(饱食)in those with this condition.This finding is the latest in a series of discoveries revealing that the cerebellum, long thought to be primarily involved in movement harmony, also plays a broad role in cognition, emotion and behavior. Weve
6、opened up a whole field of cerebellar control of food intake J says Albert Chen, a neuroscientist at the Scintillon Institute in California.The project began with an accidental observation: Chen and his team noticed they could make mice stop eating by activating small pockets of neurons(神经元)in regio
7、ns known as the anterior deep cerebellar nuclei (aDCN), within the cerebellum. Fascinated, the researchers gathered data using functional MRI to compare brain activity in 14 people who had Prader-Willi syndrome with activity in 14 unaffected people while each testee viewed images of food either imme
8、diately following a meal or after fasting(禁食)for at least four hours.New analysis of these scans revealed that activity in the same regions Chens group had accurately pointed out in mice, the aDCN, appeared to be significantly disturbed in humans with Prader-Willi syndrome. In healthy individuals, t
9、he aDCN were more active in response to food images while fasting than just after a meal, but no such difference was identifiable in participants with the disorder. The result suggested that the aDCN were involved in controlling hunger. Further experiments on mice, conducted by researchers from seve
10、ral different institutions, demonstrated that activating the animals9 aDCN neurons dramatically reduced food intake by weakening how the brains pleasure center responds to food.For years neuroscientists studying appetite focused mainly either on the hypothalamus, a brain area involved in regulating
11、energy balance, or on reward-processing centers such as the nucleus acc以加(伏隔核).But this group has identified a new feeding center in the brain, says Elanor Hinton, a neuroscientist at the University of Bristol in England who was not involved with the study. Ive been working in appetite research for
12、the past 15 years or so, and the cerebellum has just not been a target/ Hinton says. “I think this is going to be important both for Prader-Willi syndrome and, much more widely, to address obesity in the general population., 63. Before the recent study, scientists had assumed that the cerebellum.A.
13、helps control everyday food intakeB , plays a minor role in movement harmonyC. has nothing to do with appetite regulationhas a direct link to behavioral development64. According to the project conducted by the researchers,.A. the healthy testees were more likely to overeat after fastingB , food imag
14、es increased the appetite of the testees with Prader-Willi syndromeC. the aDCN in the healthy testees responded to food images more actively after fastingthe aDCN in the testees with Prader-Willi syndrome made no response to food images65 . What does Elanor Hinton imply about future appetite researc
15、h?A. It may help in the early diagnosis of Prader-Willi syndrome.B. It will have broader implications for the treatment of obesity.C. The potential feeding center in human brain remains to be discovered.D. More studies are needed to understand the link between appetite and reward-processing.66 . Wha
16、t does the passage mainly talk about?A. How our brain controls overeating.B. How the aDCN works up our appetite.C. How Prader-Willi syndrome can be prevented.D. How lowering food intake benefits our overall health.八、六选四Artificial Intelligence Develops an Ear for BirdsongWe can learn a lot from natur
17、e if we listen to it more - and scientists around the world are trying to do just that. From mountain peaks to ocean depths, biologists are planting audio recorders to eavesdrop(窃听)on the whistles and songs of whales, elephants, bats and especially birds. This summer, for example, over 2,000 electro
18、nic ears will record the sound scape of Californias Sierra Nevada mountain range. 67“Audio data is a real treasure because it contains vast amounts of infbrmation J says ecologist Connor Wood, a Cornell University postdoctoral researcher, who is leading the Sierra Nevada project. ctWe just need to t
19、hink creatively about how to share and access that information. 68 Fortunately the latest generation of machine-learning AI systems can process thousands of hours of data in less than a day.Stefan Kahl, a machine-learning expert at Cornells Center for Conservation Bioacoustics and ChemnitzUniversity
20、 of Technology in Germany, built BirdNET, one of the most popular avian-sound-recognition systems used today. Woods team will rely on BirdNET to analyze the Sierra Nevada recordings. 69 The neural network then teaches itself which features can be used to associate an input (in this case, a birds cal
21、l) with a label (the birds identity).70 Although they analyze audio much more quickly than humans, they still lag behind in filtering out overlapping sounds to home in on a signal of interest. Some researchers see this as the next problem for AI to tackle. Even the current imperfect versions, howeve
22、r, enable sweeping projects that would be far too time-consuming fbr humans to tackle alone. As ecologists,Wood says, tools like BirdNET allow us to dream big.”A. A wealth of such data already exists for common birds.B , They altogether will generate nearly a million hours of audio.C. These machine-
23、learning AI systems still have room for improvement.D. Such recordings can create valuable snapshots (简介)of animal communities.E. This is a tricky problem because it takes humans a long time to decode recordings.F. Such systems start by analyzing hundreds of recorded bird calls, each “labeled“ with
24、its corresponding species.九、概要写作. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Why Is Littering a Surprisingly Big Issue?Compared with the blindingly obvious environmental issues w
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