初一英语语法知识点总结复习超详细.pdf
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1、课时一教学任务一、重点语法1.动词 be(am,is,are)的用法:be动 词 包 括“am”,is”,“are”三种形式。第一人称单数配合am来用。句型解析析:Iam+-例句:I am Snoopy.I am ten years old.I am a student.I am a boy.第二人称(You)配合are使用。句型解析:You are+-例句:You are my good friend.You are a good teacher.You are beautiful第三人称单数(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析:She(He,It)is例句:She is
2、 a good girl.She is so tall.She is short.人 称 复 数(we/you/they)配合are使用。句型解析:We(You,They)are+.例句 We are in Class 5,Grade 7.They are my friends.You are good students.用法口诀:我用am,你(you)用 are,is跟着他(h e),她(she),它(it)。单数名词用运,复数名词全用are。变否定,更容易,be后 not加上去。变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。对应练习:一.用括号中适当的词填空。1.I(am
3、,are,is)from Australia.2.S h e(a m,are,is)a student.3.Jane and T o m(a m,is,are)my friends.4.My p a r e n t s(a m,is,are)very busy every day.5.(Are,Is,Do,Does)there a Chinese school in NewYork?6.(Be,Are,Were,Was)they excited when he heard thenews?7.T h e r e(b e)some glasses on it.8.If h e(b e)free
4、tomorrow,he will go with us.一、用b e 动词的适当形式填空1.I a b o y.y o u a boy?No,I not.2.The girl Jacks sister.3.The dog tall and fat.4.The man with big eyes a teacher.5.your brother in the classroom?6.W here your mother?S he at home.7.How your father?8.Mike and Liu T ao at school.9.Whose d ress this?10.Whose
5、 socks they?11.T hat my red skirt.12.W ho I?13.The jeans on the desk.14.H ere a scarf for you.15.H ere some sweaters for you.16.The black gloves for Su Yang.17.This pair of gloves for Yang Ling.18.The two cups of m ilk for me.19.Some te a in the glass.20.Gao shans sh irt over there.第二课时(D英语人称代词和物主代词
6、、人称代词表 示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词,叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,见下表:人称代词主格:作主语,表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。I am a teacher.You are student.He is a student,too.We/You/They are students.人称代词宾格作宾语,表示动作行为的对象。Give it to me.Let s go(let,s=let us)人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称ImeweUS第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimshehertheythemitit二、物主代
7、词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种,其人称和数的变化见下表。类别、单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir各词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs汉语我的你的他的她的它的 我们的 你们的(她、它)的形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。如:Is this your book?No,it isn
8、,t,it,s hers(her book)This pen is mine.代词练习(一)一、选出括号中正确的词,在正确的词上打勾。1.This is(my/I)mother.2.Nice to meet(your/y o u).3.(He/His)name is Mark.4.What*s(she/her)name?5.Excuse(me/my/I).6.Are(your/you)Miss Li?7.(1/My)am Ben.8.(She/Her)is my sister.9.Fine,thank(your/you).10.How old is(he/his)二、用所给代词的正确形式填空。
9、1.These are (he)brothers.2.That is(she)sister.3.Lily is (Lucy)sister.4.Tom,th运 is (me)cousin,Mary.5.Now(her parent)are in America.6.Those (child)are (I)father,s students.7.Do you know (it)name?8.Mike and Tom (be)friends.9.Thanks for he l p i ng(I).10.(Ann 安)moth er is(we)teacher.三、单项选择。()1.My family
10、 a big family.My family all here.A.is,is B,are,are C.is,areD.are,is()2.This 运.A.a picture of family B.a picture of my familyC.a family,s picture D.a family of my picture()3.Let*s good friends.A.be B.are C.is D.am()4.Is she your aunt?Yes,.A.she,s B.her is C.she is D.he is()5.A re coats yours?Yes,they
11、 are.A.theyB.theseC.thisD.there()6.Is that uncle?No,it isn*tA.he B.she C.her D.hers()7.Mrs.Green isA.Jim and KateC.Jim s and Kate,()8.Do you know theA.in B.ofgrandmother.B.Jim and Kate,ss D.Jim and Katesname Mr.Green s son?C.on D.or()9.the great photo of your family.A.thank for B.Thanks forC.Thank f
12、or D.thanks for()10.Are those your friends?.A.Yes,they,re B.No,they areC.Yes,they are D.Yes,those are代词练习(二)一、用适当的代词填空1.We like (he,his,him)very much.2.Is this guitar (you,your,yours)?3.(She,Her,Hers)name is Li Li.4.Father bought a desk for (I,my,me,mine).5.(It,Its,Its)is very cold today.6.Is this y
13、our book,Mike?Yes,(we,you,they)are.7.Are you and Tom classmates?Yes,(we,you,they)are.8.Each of the students(have,has)a pen pal.9.He has a dog.I want to have(it,one),too.10.Her parents are (both,all,either)teachers.11.The text is easy for you.There are(few,a few,little,a little)new words in it.12.I w
14、ant(some,any)bananas.Give me these big(one,ones).二、选择正确的答案1.Is this book?A.you B.I C.she D.your2.Its a bird.name is Polly.A.Its B.Its C.His D.It3.Whats that?a jeep.A.itsB.Its C.ItsD.its4.Whats that in English?.A.Its eggB.Thats egg C.Its a eggD.Its an egg5.Whose cat is this?Is it yours?Is it a white?
15、A.cats B.one C.onesD.cats6.Please give the book to.A.I B.me C.my D.mine7.skirt is yours?A.Whose B.Where C.HowD.Which8.is this pen?Its Wang Fangs.A.Whos B.Whose C.Where D.Which9.Kate and Mike do homework in the evening.A.ones B.his C.her D.their10.There isnt water in the bottle.A.any B.some C.noD.a课
16、时 二(2)简单句一陈述句1、概念:说明一个事实或是陈述说话人的看法的句子,句末用句号。2、分类:陈述句根据其语法结构,可大体分为“主语+谓语”和“主语+连系动词+表语”两种;而从语气的角度分,又可分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句(1)“主语+谓语”结构肯定陈述句I like that book.我喜欢那本书。(陈述一个事实)I really agree.我确实同意。(陈述一个观点)否定陈述句I did not buy the TV.我没有买那个电视。(陈述一个事实)(2)主语+连系动词+表语结构肯定陈述名The film is boring.这部电影没意思。(陈述观点)否定陈述句Smoking i
17、s not good for your health.抽烟对你的健康没有好处。(陈述一个事实)3、陈述句的否定结构:陈述句的否定式主要用两种结构来表达:(1)句子的谓语动词为be,have或者谓语动词有助动词、情态动词时,其否定结构为:主语+谓语动词/助动词/情态动词+not+其他成分I am not a teacher,我不是老师。We have not(havent)any books on animals.我们没有任何有关动物方面的书。The children are not(arent)playing in the playground,孩子彳门没在操场上玩。He will not(w
18、ont)come.他不会来。We must not(mustnt)forget the past.我们不能忘记过去。It could not(couldnt)be lost.它不可能丢的。(2)当句子的谓语动词是do(即行为动词),而且没有助动词或情态动词时,其否定结构为:主语+do(does,did)+not+动 词 原 形+其他成分You do not(dont)come here every day.你没有每天都来这里。He does not(doesnt)teach this class.他不教这个班。They did not(didnt)watch TV last night.昨晚他
19、们没看电视。注意:陈述句的语调一般用降调。但在表示疑问的语气时,用升调,在书面上要用问号来表示。You really want to go to Hong Kong?你真的想去香港吗?这句话表示的是一种疑问,只不过是通过陈述的语序和疑问的语气来表达的二疑问句疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子,句末用问号“?”。常考的疑问句有四类,即:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。第一节一般疑问句一 般 疑 问 句 通 常 需 要 用y e s或n o来 回 答,所 以 又 叫 做“是非疑问句”。在读这种句子时要用升调。一般疑问句主要有以下几种类型:1、“be+主 语+表 语”结构 Are you s
20、leepy?你困了 吗?一Yes,I am.是 的,我困了。3、“情 态 动 词+主 语 言+行 为 动 词(或be)”结构 May/Can I use the telephone?我能用这部电话吗?一Yes,you can.是 的,可 以。5、“助 动 词(do,does,did)+主 语+行为动词”结构 Do you like swimming in summer?你喜欢夏天游泳吗?No,I dont.不,我不喜欢。难点提示回答否定性一般疑问句时,要 在Y es后面用肯定结构,表 示 肯 定;在No后面用否定结构,表 示 否 定。注意在说法上正好与汉语习惯相反。诀窍是在 回 答 的 时 候
21、,只要把它当成没有加否定形式的普通一般疑问句看待就可以了。注意下面例句的回答和它的意思。Is he not your elder brother?他不是你的哥哥吗?Yes,he运.不,他 是(我的哥哥)。No,he运not.是 的,他 不 是(我的哥哥)。Isnt she very clever?她难道不是很聪明吗?一 Yes,she is.不,她很聪明。一 No,she is not.是,她不聪明。第二节特殊疑问句一、特殊疑问句是用来提出来特定问题的疑问句,要求听到问题的人针对特定情况来做具体的回答,不能像一般疑问句一样简单地用Y es或N。来回答,特殊疑问句要用降调来读。二、特殊疑问句的结
22、构:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Who do English homework in the evening?谁晚上做英语家庭作业?What do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么?What homework do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么家庭作业?When do you do English homework?你什么时候做英语家庭作业?三、注意:对人提问时who“谁”对所属(谁的)提问用whose“谁的”对哪一个提问用which“哪一个”对时间提问用when 什么时候 或what time 几点”对物体提问用what“什么”对地点提问用whe
23、re“哪里”对原因提问用why“为什么”对方式提问用how“怎么样”对 数 量 提 问 用 how many“多少”(用于可数名词复数)或 howmuch“多少”(用于不可数名词)四、难点提示1、以why开头的特殊疑问句否定形式常用于表示建议、请求等。Whydont you have a try?你为什么不试试呢?2、特殊疑问句常用到一些缩略形式,在平时学习中要注意习惯这些用法。I dont want to go there.How about you?我不想去那儿,你呢?But what else?可是还有什么呢?把下列句子变成否定句:1.I am listening to music.2.
24、Mike is a student._3 Sarah can clean the classroom.4.They are in the zoo._5.There are some flowers in thevas e._6.This is my sister._7.We are sweeping thefloor._8.We need some masks.9.They like making the puppet.10.Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house.11.I put a book on my head.12.They sing“In the
25、 classroom“together.13.We play basketball on Sundays.14.Tom likes listening to music肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法-三步法1.有b e动词/情态动词:b e动词/情态动词提到句首,其余照抄,(some改成any,m y改成your)句末用问号。2.无b e动词/情态动词,在句首加Do/Does/Did,其余照抄,(some改成any,m y改成your)句末用问号。3.加Does、d id的句子注意,句子动词要变成原型。例如:陈述句:Theyar
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