外刊英语【Week10 周三】精读讲义 20240306 decline global fertility.pdf
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1、 新英文外刊 2024-3-6 1/11 金融时报金融时报双语双语 全球生育率下降令人不安 Week10 周三 字数 625words 难度系数 全文导读 在社会、经济乃至环境层面种种因素的推动下,全球生育率的下降趋势势不可挡。随之而来的劳动力萎缩等后果不容忽视,但是鼓励生育的政策却各有局限,全球经济体该何去何从?重难点讲义&全文翻译 The troubling decline in the global fertility rate 全球生育率下降令人不安 Developed economies need to be better prepared for a drop in younger
2、 workers 发达经济体需要为年轻劳动力的减少做好更充分的准备 fertility /ftlti/n.the ability of a person,animal,or plant to produce babies,young animals,or seeds 生 育能 力,繁 殖 力 OPP infertility 扫码听音频 新英文外刊 2024-3-6 2/11 Para.1 By the end of this century,almost every country in the world could have a shrinking population.Although
3、people are living longer due to advances in healthcare and a decline in poverty,they are also having fewer babies.Over the past 50 years,the global fertility rate the total number of births per woman has roughly halved to 2.3.In most advanced economies it is already well below the replacement rate o
4、f 2.1,where the population replaces itself from one generation to the next,taking into account mortality.(翻译作业)Developing nations are on a similar downward trajectory.healthcare n.the services that are provided for looking after peoples health,or the activity of doing this 医疗保健 The government has pr
5、omised better health care for all.政府许诺提供更好的全民医疗保健服务。halve /hv/v.to reduce something by a half 将减半 Cash cuts have halved the number of places available on training courses.经费削减使培训名额减少了一半。well adv.a lot,or to a great degree 大大地;远远地 The village is well below sea level.这个村子远低于海平面。replacement rate 人口替代率,
6、也被称为生育率,是为了使一个国家或地区在人口上出生与死亡达到某种相对的平衡而产生的一个比率。具体来说,每个妇女平均生育的孩子的个数,就是人口替换率。联合国推算指出,标准的人口替代率为 2.1,即每名妇女一生生育 2.1 个孩子时,才能保证总人口持平。take something into account to consider or remember something when judging a situation 考虑到;顾及 A good architect takes into account the buildings surroundings.一位好的建筑师会考虑到建筑物的周边环
7、境。mortality /mtlti/n.the number of deaths during a particular period of time among a particular type or group of people 死亡率;死亡数 Mortality from heart disease varies widely across the world.心脏病死亡率世界各地差异很大。划线句 In most advanced economies it is already well below the replacement rate of 2.1【“it”指代上文“fert
8、ility rate“,说明大多数发达国家的生育率低于人口替代率 2.1】,where the population replaces itself from one generation to the next【定语从句,解释了人口替代率为 2.1 的具体意义,即一对夫妇生育 2.1 个孩子,才能保持人口数量不变】,taking into account mortality.【作状语,说明前句所述内容是建立在考虑死亡率的基础上】downward /danwd/adj.moving to a lower level 往较低水平下降的,下跌的 Share prices continued the
9、ir downward trend.股价继续呈下跌趋势。trajectory /trdektri/n.the events that happen during a period of time,which often lead to a particular aim or result 事物的发展轨迹 The decision was certain to affect the trajectory of French politics for some time to 新英文外刊 2024-3-6 3/11 Para.2 come.这一决定在未来的一段时间里必将影响法国的政治轨迹。到本世纪
10、末,几乎没有国家能避开人口减少的问题。虽然医疗进步和贫困减少使人们更为长寿,但他们生育的孩子更少了。在过去 50 年间,全球生育率(即每位妇女生育的孩子总数)大约减半至 2.3。(翻译作业)发展中国家也处于类似的下行轨迹上。The upshot is a decline in the working-age population across the developed world,which will bring significant social,economic and political costs if left unaddressed.Some blame a dystopian
11、 outlook among millennials and Gen Z from the harms their children may cause to the climate,to the harms the climate may also do to them.But while a child-free life has gained appeal among some youngsters,for multiple reasons,the vast majority of under-30s in America who do not have kids still want
12、them.upshot /pt/n.the final result of a situation(某事的)结果结局 The upshot was that after much argument they all agreed to help her.最后的结果是,经过长时间争论,他们全都同意帮助她。address v.if you address a problem,you start trying to solve it(着手)解决,处理问题 Our products address the needs of real users.我们的产品满足真正用户的需要。unaddressed a
13、dj.未处理的,未解决的 划线句 The upshot is a decline in the working-age population across the developed world【作为句子主干,说明上一段展现的生育率下降和人口减少问题产生的后果:适龄劳动力减少】,which will bring significant social,economic and political costs【定语从句修饰“the upshot”,说明这一后果产生的影响】if left unaddressed.【补充完整为“if the upshot is left unaddressed”,强调
14、产生影响的条件:不解决适龄劳动人口下降的问题】dystopian /dstpi/n.an imaginary place where life is extremely difficult and a lot of unfair or immoral things happen 反面乌托邦,反面假想国,敌托邦 想象中生活极其艰难的地方 OPP utopia outlook /atlk/n.your general attitude to life and the world 对生活和世界的看法,观点,态度 Hes got a good outlook on life.他有积极的人生观。mill
15、ennials 千禧一代,指出生于 20 世纪且 20 世纪时未成年,在跨入 21 世纪(即 2000年)以后达到成年年龄的一代人。这代人的成长时期几乎同时和互联网/计算机科学的形成与高速发展时期相吻合。Gen Z Z 世代,Y 世代之后、阿法世代之前的人口统计群体。研究人员和大众媒体将 1990年代中后期作为开始出生年份,将 2010 年代初 新英文外刊 2024-3-6 4/11 Para.3 Para.4 作为结束出生年份。这一世代的特点是数字原生态、信息获取快速、注重个性化和多元化。结果是,发达国家适龄劳动人口减少,若不加以解决,将带来巨大的社会、经济和政治成本。一些人将其归咎于千禧一
16、代和 Z 世代的反乌托邦观念从“他们的孩子可能危害气候”,到“气候也可能危害他们”。不过,虽然没有孩子的生活吸引了一些青年人,但美国绝大多数 30 岁以下没有孩子的人出于多种原因仍然想要孩子。Rather,the long-term drop in the fertility rate is mostly the result of positive socio-economic trends.First,global female labour force participation and education levels have risen over the past half cen
17、tury.This has led to fewer children,or having them later in life.Second,economic development,better welfare systems and lower childhood mortality have reduced the need to have several children to support financial security.labor force all the people who work for a company or in a country 劳动力 securit
18、y n.protection from bad things that could happen to you 保障,保护 This insurance plan offers your family financial security in the event of your death.这份保险能在你死后给你的家人提供经济保障。确切地说,社会经济的向好趋势是造成生育率长期下降的主因。首先,全球女性劳动参与率和受教育水平在过去半个世纪中有所提高,导致了少生和晚育。其次,人们靠生育多个子女以作经济保障的需求也随着经济发展、福利体系的完善以及儿童死亡率的降低而减少了。In the develo
19、ping world,fertility rates are still above the“wanted rate”an estimate of what the fertility rate would be if all unwanted births were avoided according to data compiled by the World Bank.But,in advanced economies couples tend to have fewer children than they want.This is because the hurdles to brin
20、ging up children have also risen.新英文外刊 2024-3-6 5/11 Para.5 unwanted /nwntd/adj.not wanted or needed 不需要的,多余的 an unwanted pregnancy 非意愿怀孕 the World Bank 世界银行,世界银行集团的简称,国际复兴开发银行的通称,也是联合国的一个专门机构;成立于 1945 年,1946 年 6月开始营业,由国际复兴开发银行、国际开发协会、国际金融公司、多边投资担保机构和国际投资争端解决中心五个成员机构组成。hurdle /hdl/n.a problem or dif
21、ficulty that you must deal with before you can achieve something 障碍,困难 Finding enough money for the project was the first hurdle.第一道难关是为该项目筹措足够的资金。bring up to look after and influence a child until he or she is grown up 抚养,养育 He was brought up by his grandparents.他是由祖父母抚养长大的。根据世界银行收集的数据,发展中国家的生育率仍高于
22、“意愿生育率”(没有意外怀孕生子的前提下预估的生育率)。但在发达经济体中,由于养育子女的障碍增多,夫妻们生育的孩子数往往比他们想要的少。Richer and higher-skilled economies come with more parenting costs,as childcare and education requirements tend to be higher.The opportunity costs of looking after kids,in lost earnings or leisure time,are also greater.But in advanc
23、ed economies today,disposable incomes available to raise children have also been squeezed by rising living costs and sluggish wage growth.House prices have soared,and childcare support has often not kept up either.In the UK,some estimates put the cost of raising a child to 18 above 200,000.The avera
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