秋季课程PPT-英语-高三-第16讲-阅读理解题型之猜测词义(培优) 学生.docx
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1、辅导讲义学员姓名: 学科教师:年 级: 辅导科目:授课日期时 间主 题阅读理解之猜测词义学习目标1. 掌握阅读理解中常见的猜测词义的出题方式;2. 灵活运用此类题型的解题步骤。教学内容1、 上次课后巩固作业复习; 2、 互动探索某老外苦学汉语十年,到中国参加汉语考试,试题如下:题目:请解释下文中每个“意思”的意思。阿呆给领导送红包时,两人的对话颇有意思。 领导:“你这是什么意思?” 阿呆:“没什么意思,意思意思。” 领导:“你这就不够意思了。” 阿呆:“小意思,小意思。” 领导:“你这人真有意思。” 阿呆:“其实也没有别的意思。” 领导:“那我就不好意思了。” 阿呆:“是我不好意思。” 结果:
2、老外泪流满面,交白卷回国了词义猜测概述【知识梳理1】词义猜测类题目常见的设问方式The word “.” refers to/probably means .The underlined word “.” could best be replaced by.What do you think the expression “.” stand for?By saying “.” we mean.“.” as used in the passage can best be defined as.Which is the following word can take the place of th
3、e word “.” ?【知识梳理2】猜测词义的方法1.通过上下文猜测词义。2.通过构词法猜测词义。(1)转化:指词的形式不变而词性发生变化的一种构词法。【例题精讲】nurse n.护士 v.护理 free adj.空闲的 v.释放(2)合成:指由两个或两个以上的具有独立含义的单词组合成一个新的单词。主要有合成动词、合成形容词、合成名词等等。(3)派生:指由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的单词。【知识梳理3】常见前后缀a-表示“在之上”,“向”aboard, asideanti-反、反对;对立antiwar, antibacterial, antibodyauto-自己的,自动的autobi
4、ography, automatic, automobileby次要的,副的;边,侧by-product, bypass, bystanderco-和一起、共同co-produced, coexist, cooperatedis-不,非,相反dishonest, disadvantageil /im/in/ir不,非,无impossible, illegal, irresponsible, incorrectinter在之间;相互interact, interfere, internationalre-又,再,重新reconsider, reconstructiontrans-横过,跨越tra
5、nsnational,transform名词-ability/-ibility能力,可能性,适应性disability, possibility, responsibility, -ation/-tion/-sion行为,状况,过程definition, explanation, admission, application-ment结果,过程,组织achievement, argument, improvement-ness状态、性质、程度kindness, blindness-ship表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendshi
6、p-th表示“动作,性质,过程,状态” depth, wealth, truth, length, growth形容词-able, -ible可的movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible-ant, -ent是的,做的distant, important, excellent-al具有特征的natural, additional, educational-ish有关的foolish, bookish, selfish动词-en表示“使成为,引起,使有”quicken, weaken, soften, harden-fy使化bea
7、utify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify-ish表动作establish, publish-ize/-ise使化organize, apologize副词-ly以方式possibly, swiftly, simply-ward, -wards朝方向downward, inwards, upward如:He fell into a ditch and lay there, semiconscious, for a few minutes.根据词根conscious(清醒的,有意识的),结合前缀semi(半,部分的,不完全的),我们便可猜出semico
8、nscious词义“半清醒的,半昏迷的”。【例题精讲】例1:In 1963 a schoolboy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the worlds greatest mathematical problem: Fermats Last Theorem (定理) first put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the 17th century, the theorem had baffled and beaten t
9、he finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the tex
10、t?A. To encourage people to raise questions. B. To cause difficulty in understanding.C. To provide a person with an explanation.D. To limit peoples imagination.例2:Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, Houngs deeds remind us of what we usually neglect: love and care for others
11、. Without these, none of us could survive. Houng turned down donations from others. He said he felt encouraged by kind offers, but he could depend on his own work.The underlined word “donation” in Paragraph 3 probably means _.A. invitation to give a speech B. something, especially given to help othe
12、rsC. questions asked by interviewers D. chances to be a hero例3:Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page. jazz: 1. n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3. n.
13、slang. Empty talk. 4. adj. of or like jazz; a jazz band, jazz records.What does the word “jazz” mean in the following sentence?Dont give me that jazz, for I am a practical person.A. Rhythmic beats. B. A type of music. C. A kind of dance. D. Meaningless talk.【巩固练习】检测题(一):推测下列划线部分的词义。1. A deaf and dum
14、b guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. 2. The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing. 3. All the houses in the city collapsed during
15、 the earthquake. 4.For people who live within a stones throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable. 5. The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles
16、.6. Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them.7. The best football, basketball and tennis players can become professional that means they will have a career in sports and will get money
17、when they play. 8. Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. 9. The word “lefty” means a person who uses his or her left hand for writing, eating and other jobs. 10. Doctors recommended that everyone exercise every day, particular those who spend many hours doing
18、 sedentary activities like reading, typing or sewing. 【知识梳理4】解题方法知识点1:利用上下文语境线索任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索,进行合乎逻辑的综合分析来推测词义,是阅读过程中的一大关键,也是高考的热点。【例题精讲】例1:If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I dont like to be with him. A. drunkB. sweatingC. happyD. mistaken 例2:C
19、harlottes tale was inspired by the girls coin collection. “Weve collected foreign coins for yearssince our families went on holiday to Tenerife,” she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.”The underlined word “pesetas” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _.A. story B. collection C. inspi
20、ration D. foreign coin知识点2:根据定义或解释猜测词义阅读文章中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词,往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子,如to be, that is, mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in other words等,有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现,或用破折号、括号来表示。1.直接定义:如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义句的谓语动词多为:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer t
21、o, be called, be known as, define, represent, be defined as等。【例题精讲】In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 2.同位语:构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接,有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。需要注意的是:同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namel
22、y, or other, say, i.e. 等副词或短语出现。3.定语从句:定语从句有时起着解释和说明的作用,据此我们可以推断出所修饰词的含义。【例题精讲】The herdsman,who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 知识点3:利用因果关系在句子或段落中,若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系,我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。【例题精讲】例1:Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the
23、 opinions of others. 例2:The biggest power failure happened yesterday. All of our ice cream and frozen foods melted.例3:He ran downstairs through the smoke-filled house to push and pull at Karen and Todd until they sat up. Then he helped each other out of the house to the safety of the garden. There,
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