秋季课程PPT-英语-高三-第16讲-阅读理解题型之猜测词义(教师.docx
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1、辅导讲义学员姓名: 学科教师:年 级: 辅导科目:授课日期时 间主 题阅读理解之猜测词义学习目标1. 掌握阅读理解中常见的猜测词义的出题方式;2. 灵活运用此类题型的解题步骤。教学内容1、 上次课后巩固作业复习; 2、 互动探索某老外苦学汉语十年,到中国参加汉语考试,试题如下:题目:请解释下文中每个“意思”的意思。阿呆给领导送红包时,两人的对话颇有意思。 领导:“你这是什么意思?” 阿呆:“没什么意思,意思意思。” 领导:“你这就不够意思了。” 阿呆:“小意思,小意思。” 领导:“你这人真有意思。” 阿呆:“其实也没有别的意思。” 领导:“那我就不好意思了。” 阿呆:“是我不好意思。” 结果:
2、老外泪流满面,交白卷回国了批注:“意思”在不同的语境中有不同的含义,即使明白了“意思”其中的一种含义,换一个新的语境,其含义发生了很大的变化,所以,掌握词汇的意思关键在于把握词汇使用的语境。词义猜测概述【知识梳理1】词义猜测类题目常见的设问方式The word “.” refers to/probably means .The underlined word “.” could best be replaced by.What do you think the expression “.” stand for?By saying “.” we mean.“.” as used in the p
3、assage can best be defined as.Which is the following word can take the place of the word “.” ?【知识梳理2】猜测词义的方法1.通过上下文猜测词义。2.通过构词法猜测词义。(1)转化:指词的形式不变而词性发生变化的一种构词法。【例题精讲】nurse n.护士 v.护理 free adj.空闲的 v.释放(2)合成:指由两个或两个以上的具有独立含义的单词组合成一个新的单词。主要有合成动词、合成形容词、合成名词等等。(3)派生:指由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的单词。【知识梳理3】常见前后缀a-表示“在
4、之上”,“向”aboard, asideanti-反、反对;对立antiwar, antibacterial, antibodyauto-自己的,自动的autobiography, automatic, automobileby次要的,副的;边,侧by-product, bypass, bystanderco-和一起、共同co-produced, coexist, cooperatedis-不,非,相反dishonest, disadvantageil /im/in/ir不,非,无impossible, illegal, irresponsible, incorrectinter在之间;相互i
5、nteract, interfere, internationalre-又,再,重新reconsider, reconstructiontrans-横过,跨越transnational,transform名词-ability/-ibility能力,可能性,适应性disability, possibility, responsibility, -ation/-tion/-sion行为,状况,过程definition, explanation, admission, application-ment结果,过程,组织achievement, argument, improvement-ness状态、
6、性质、程度kindness, blindness-ship表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship-th表示“动作,性质,过程,状态” depth, wealth, truth, length, growth形容词-able, -ible可的movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible-ant, -ent是的,做的distant, important, excellent-al具有特征的natural, additional, educational-ish有关的
7、foolish, bookish, selfish动词-en表示“使成为,引起,使有”quicken, weaken, soften, harden-fy使化beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify-ish表动作establish, publish-ize/-ise使化organize, apologize副词-ly以方式possibly, swiftly, simply-ward, -wards朝方向downward, inwards, upward如:He fell into a ditch and lay there, semicons
8、cious, for a few minutes.根据词根conscious(清醒的,有意识的),结合前缀semi(半,部分的,不完全的),我们便可猜出semiconscious词义“半清醒的,半昏迷的”。【例题精讲】例1:In 1963 a schoolboy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the worlds greatest mathematical problem: Fermats Last Theorem (定理) first put forward by the French mathem
9、atician Pierre de Fermat in the 17th century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.Which of the
10、 following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?A. To encourage people to raise questions. B. To cause difficulty in understanding.C. To provide a person with an explanation.D. To limit peoples imagination.批注:本题正确答案为B。 从短文中对Fermats Last Theorem一书的介绍中有the theorem h
11、ad baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds一句,句中两个并列的谓语动词baffled 和beaten,意义相同,加强语气,从beat的本意就可以猜测出baffled 为“使(某人)困惑,难倒”。例2:Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, Houngs deeds remind us of what we usually neglect: love and care for others. Without these, none of us could
12、 survive. Houng turned down donations from others. He said he felt encouraged by kind offers, but he could depend on his own work.The underlined word “donation” in Paragraph 3 probably means _.A. invitation to give a speech B. something, especially given to help othersC. questions asked by interview
13、ers D. chances to be a hero批注:由本段可以看出:洪家里很穷,但他拒绝别人对他的“donation”,他说他很感谢人们好心的馈赠,但他能够靠打工的钱来养活自己和妹妹,由此可以判断出donation和后文的offer,是近义词,也是馈赠之意。因此选B。例3:Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page. jazz: 1. n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is charact
14、erized by rhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3. n. slang. Empty talk. 4. adj. of or like jazz; a jazz band, jazz records.What does the word “jazz” mean in the following sentence?Dont give me that jazz, for I am a practical person.A. Rhythmic beats. B. A type of music. C. A
15、 kind of dance. D. Meaningless talk.批注:本题正确答案为D。从后面的原因for I am a practical person可知,说话的人说自己是一个讲究实际的人,因此,他或她让对方不要说空话。【巩固练习】检测题(一):推测下列划线部分的词义。1. A deaf and dumb guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. 2. The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and
16、fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing. 3. All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake. 4.For people who live within a stones throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable. 5. The conflagration was so f
17、ierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles.6. Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter, who always take away things from the shop withou
18、t paying for them.7. The best football, basketball and tennis players can become professional that means they will have a career in sports and will get money when they play. 8. Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. 9. The word “lefty” means a person who uses
19、his or her left hand for writing, eating and other jobs. 10. Doctors recommended that everyone exercise every day, particular those who spend many hours doing sedentary activities like reading, typing or sewing. 答案:1.五金店 2.温和的3.坍塌 4.一步之遥5.大火灾 6.商店里偷东西的人 7.职业的 8.盗窃癖 9.左撇子(的) 10.久坐的 批注:关于猜测词义的阅读理解题型,重
20、点考查的不是学生词汇量的多少,而是考查是否具有利用语境线索,推测和判断词义的能力。解答这类试题最重要的方法,是理解含生词部分的上下文 (也就是常说的语境)来推测其意思。 【知识梳理4】解题方法知识点1:利用上下文语境线索任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索,进行合乎逻辑的综合分析来推测词义,是阅读过程中的一大关键,也是高考的热点。【例题精讲】例1:If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I dont like to be with him. A. drunkB. s
21、weatingC. happyD. mistaken 答案:我不愿意跟他在一起,如果他邀请我出去,他就大错特错了。因此答案为D。例2:Charlottes tale was inspired by the girls coin collection. “Weve collected foreign coins for yearssince our families went on holiday to Tenerife,” she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.”The underlined word “pe
22、setas” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _.A. story B. collection C. inspiration D. foreign coin答案:由原文中的Euro(欧元,欧洲统一货币)可推知该词是一种在欧元发行前使用的钱币。本题正确答案为D。知识点2:根据定义或解释猜测词义阅读文章中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词,往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子,如to be, that is, mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in other words等,有时也以同位语、定语从
23、句的形式出现,或用破折号、括号来表示。1.直接定义:如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义句的谓语动词多为:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, be defined as等。【例题精讲】In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situ
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