高考一轮复习-动词时态语态2(学案).docx
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1、学员编号:NJ0311674188 年 级:高二 课 时 数:3学员姓名: 辅导科目:英语 学科教师: 课程主题:高中语法动词时态语态2授课时间: 学习目标1. 掌握易混时态的区别;2. 灵活运用动词的被动语态。教学内容内容回顾各种动词时态和语态结构回顾知识精讲知识点1:过去进行时和一般过去时辨析观察下面句子Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night. (信写完了)Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night. (信不一定写完)I was seeing a film yesterday eve
2、ning. (强调动作)I saw a film yesterday evening. (强调事实)小结:_知识点2:现在完成时与一般过去时辨析He has lived in Beijing since liberation.新中国成立以来他一直住在北京。 (说明他现在仍在北京)He lived in Beijing before liberation.新中国成立前他住在北京。 (现在是否住在北京不知道)小结:_注意:have gone to 和have been to 的区别have gone to 表示“到某地去了”,因此人可能还在路上,也可能已经到达,但一定不在说话者这里。have be
3、en to 表示“去过某地”,显然是回来之后再谈论去过某地的情况。例如:Mary has gone to the library.玛丽去图书馆了。 (现在还没回来)Mary has been to Hong Kong.玛丽去过香港。(现在已经回来)知识点3:一般过去时与过去完成时辨析When I got to the party,many of them had left for home.当我到达晚会的时候,他们中的许多人已经离开回家了。小结:_知识点4:现在完成进行时与现在完成时辨析现在完成进行时与现在完成时均可表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”的动作,有时两者可换用,但前者多用于口语中。I
4、 have watered the flower.我已经给花浇过水了。(已完成,你不必浇了)I have been watering the flowers.我一直在给花浇水。(未完成,一直在浇)I have known her for a long time.(正)我认识她很久了。I have been knowing her for a long time.(误)I havent seen him these days.(正)这些日子我没有见过他。I havent been seeing him these days. (误)小结:_。知识点5:固定句型回顾1.hardly.when.,n
5、o sooner.than.句型中,主句中用过去完成时,从句中用一般过去时。Hardly had I opened the door when Tom came in.我刚一开门,汤姆就进来了。2.since,in the last/past+一段时间,so far,recently等常与现在完成时搭配。Great changes have taken place in our country in the last few years.我们国家过去的几年发生了巨大的变化。3.This/That/It is/was the first/second.time+that从句,若主句中为is,则从
6、句时态用现在完成时;若为was,则从句时态用过去完成时。This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.这是我们全家人第一次一起到电影院看电影。4.“by+时间状语”要与完成时搭配使用。You will have learned about 3,000 words by the end of next month.到下月底你(们)将已学习3000个单词。5.It+be.before.“要过才”或“在以后才”。在这个句型中,若be动词用一般过去时,则before 从句中常用一般过去时;若b
7、e动词用将来时,则before 从句中常用一般现在时。Im sorry youve been waiting so long,but itll still be some time before Brian gets back.很抱歉让你等了这么久,但布莱恩还要过段时间才能回来。6.was/were about to do.when.在when引导的从句中,谓语动词用过去式。I was about to leave when he came in.我正要离开这时他进来了。 例1:In the UK, some people equate life experience with the num
8、ber of stamps in their passports.(2017江苏南京、盐城二模,22)Thats why they all agree that they _the “travel bug”. A.catchB.caught C.have caughtD.are to catch例2:Go for a drink together?Fine. I_ how to spend the rest of the night.(2017江苏苏锡常镇一模,31)A.wonder B.had wondered C.was wondering D.have wondered例3:The he
9、admaster in our school hopes that we will be more ambitious when we graduate than when we _ admitted.(2017江苏苏北四市三模,26)A.will get B.get C.got D.have got例4:While overall rates of sudden infant death syndromes (综合征) have decreased in recent years, deaths from sleep suffocation (窒息)_ over the same time
10、period.(2017江苏姜堰、如东、沭阳、前黄中学二模,32) A.doubleB.have been doubling C.have doubledD.doubled例5:As the town_ good restaurants, we just treated the foreign friends to some local food at home yesterday.(2016江苏南通二模,30)A.didnt haveB.doesnt have C.wont haveD.hadnt had 知识点6:动词的被动语态常用被动语态 构 成 常用被动语态 构 成 1 一般现在时 a
11、m/is/are done 6 过去进行时 was/were being done 2 一般过去时 was/were done 7 现在完成时 have/has been done 3 一般将来时 shall/will be done 8 过去完成时 had been done 4 过去将来时 should/would be done 9 将来完成时 will/shall have been done 5 现在进行时 am/is/are being done 10 含有情态动词 can/must/may be done 注 意 事 项 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not,短语
12、动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be going to, used to,have to, had better变为被动态时,只需将其后的动词变为被动态。 Trees should not be planted in summer. The boy was made fun of by his classmates. Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 汉语有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构表示: It is believed that It is generally considered that It
13、is said thatIt is well known that It must be pointed out that It is supposed that It is reported that It must be admitted that It is hoped that 被动语态的句型 1.常见句式是:主语(受动者)be过去分词(by施动者):He was scolded by the English teacher. 2.主语get过去分词其它成分:The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her f
14、aults. 使用这种结构不能带有“by施动者” 3.带有双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的主动句变为被动句,其主语可以是直接宾语,也可以是间接宾语。 She lent me a bike.被动:I was lent a bike(by her). A bike was lent to me(by her). 4.情态动词be过去分词:This problem must be worked out in half an hour. 5.双重被动式:主语被动式谓语不定式的被动式其它成分 These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the re
15、ading-room. The murderer was ordered to be shot. 知识点7:主动语态表被动意义语态说明主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,也就是动作的对象,所以只有及物动词和及物动词短语才有被动语态。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。Shakespeares play Hamlet has been made into at least ten different films over the past years.在过去的这些年里,莎士比亚的戏剧哈姆雷特至少被拍成了十部不
16、同的电影。In some parts of the world,tea is served with milk and sugar.在世界的一些地方,提供的茶会加牛奶和糖。1.表示状态特征的系动词,如look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear等构成的系表结构。The soup smells good but tastes terrible.这汤闻起来香但尝起来不好。2.表示主语某种属性、特征的动词,如read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,shut。This kind of material washes easily.这种布料容易
17、洗。3.表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,run等。The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.这家商店每天下午六点关门。几种特殊形式的被动结构:1.“be+过去分词+不定式”形式的被动结构He is reported to have broken a world record.据报道他打破了一项世界纪录。2.“It+be+过去分词+从句”形式的被动结构Its said that they have discovered a new star.据说他们发现了一颗新星。3.“get+done”构成
18、的被动结构get married 结婚;get hurt 受伤;get lost 迷路;get caught/stuck/trapped 被困例1:He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he_.(2017江苏,27)A. was being followedB.was following C.had been followedD.followed例2:More efforts,as reported, _in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural refo
19、rm. (2016江苏,22)A.are made B.will be made C.are being made D.have been made例3:Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming,_as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.(2017天津,6)A. regardB.is regardedC.are regardedD.regards例4:In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home,
20、 and wireless phones_yet.(2017北京,29)A. havent inventedB.havent been invented C.hadnt inventedD.hadnt been invented例5:Will Uncle Peterson come to my birthday party tomorrow?Pity he_ to Zimbabwe as a volunteer teacher.(2017江苏苏北六市3月联考,22)A. was sent B.has been sent C.had been sent D.would be sent例6:Whe
21、n someone_, it will double his or her chances of being helpful again. (2017江苏镇江一模,22)A.thanks B.is thanked C.was thanked D.thanked知识点2:时态与虚拟语气的搭配考察1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,基本结构为:if+主语+动词的一般过去时(be动词用were)+其他成分+主句主语+should/would/could.+动词原形+其他成分。例1:If it were not for the fact that she _ sing, I would invite her
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