专题11.语法选择解题技巧-2024届中考英语题型过关(原卷版).docx
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1、语法选择解题技巧考点分布“语法选择”的主要考点分布:冠词、名词的单复数、动词时态和语态、形容词和副词的比较等级、代词、连词、介词、非谓语动词、同根词、定语从句、状语从句和宾语从句等。一、语法选择常考语法点1.考冠词: a/an : 第一次提到;泛指; 单词读音第一个音为元音时(an),辅音时(a);固搭; the : 第二次提到;特指; 固定搭配; play the +西洋乐器, the +序数词; /(不填):固定搭配;play + 球类 2.考数词: seven-year-old; two-meter-long; (数词做形容词用法) five hundred/thousand/milli
2、on/billion (具体数值后面不需要+s) hundreds of / thousands of/millions of /billions of (表示概数时用of 结构) 3.考名词: 主谓一致(名词单复数与后面的动词的形式(三单,原形)保持一致) 可数名词与不可数名词的区别,修饰语等 two cups of coffee/tea 4.考代词: many + n 复数 much + 不可数名词 a number of + n复数 a great amount of / a great deal of + 不可数名词 little/a little/few/a few 否定意义:lit
3、tle + 不可数名词 few + 可数名词复数 肯定意义: a little + 不可数名词 a few + 可数名词复数 Other/another/the other/others/the others 1)other + 名词复数 another + 名词单数(表三者或者三者以上 另一个) 2)others 后面不能加名词 others = other + 名词复数 3)one. The other. 一个. 另一个.(两者之间) some. Others. 一些. 另一些4)other (无范围)与 the other (有范围) others (无范围)与 the others (
4、有范围) 不定代词something、everything、anything、nothing + 形容词 人称代词 1)主语用主格 2)动词/介词后用宾格; 3)空格后有名词,用形容词性物主代词,没有名词则用名词性物主代词; 名词性物主代词= 形容词性物主代词 + 具体的名词 4)反身代词常考 enjoy oneself / help yourself / dress oneself / teach oneself;5. 考形容词/副词 -ed是修饰人,-ing是修饰事物 形容词修饰名词,副词(一般以ly 结尾)修饰动词,副词修饰形容词 出现than, 用比较级 出现 as. as 结构,用形
5、容词/副词原级 one of + adj最高级+ n 复数 6.考介词 时间介词 at: 用于具体时刻、节日前,例如:at 8:00,at Christmas. 固定搭配:at noon, at nightin: 用于世纪、年、季节、月份等不具体的时间前,例如:in 2011 固定搭配:in the morning/afternoon/evening on: 用于具体的某一天,或具体的早上、下午、晚上; 星期。 on the afternoon of May 5th on a cold day, on Monday/ Tuesday for/since: 后面+一段时间,现在完成时的标志 其它
6、介词 with:与.一起,和.;带着.,有.的;以(手段、材料),用(工具) without: 没有。by + 交通工具 介词+ doing after/before doing; in doing ; for doing 7.考连词 but/however:表示转折关系;(but后无逗号; however, 后须有逗号)so/therefore/thus:表示因果关系; or:或者、否则之意。 and:表示并列关系; though/although:表示虽然但是,不能与but连用。 all:表示全部都,用于三者以上; none: 表示没有人,用于三者或三者以上(侧重指人,表否定) both.
7、and:表示两者都; either.or:表示两者之一(选择); neither.nor:表示两者中没有一个; either: 用于句末,表示两者的否定 too: 用于句末,表示两者的肯定 also: 用于句中,表示也8.考动词: 一看:有无时态标志; 单复数标志; 二看:空格前有无情态动词(情态动词+do)、介词 (介词+Ving)三看:并列结构;有无and/or (如有则观察and/or前或后的动词形式,答案选项的形式要与其保持一致) 四看:固定搭配,如make/let sb do sth , see sb do/doing sth 等9.考被动语态 被动语态: be (is/are/am
8、/was/were) + done(过去分词)含有情态动词的被动语态: should/must/can/could/may/mightbe done 10. 考定语从句:跟在名词/代词后面,修饰名词/代词 修饰人:who 修饰物:which 11. 考宾语从句:跟在谓语后面 三要素: 引导词 时态 当主句为一般现在时时,从句可以为任何时态; 当主句为一般过去时时,从句必须用过去时态; 当从句为表示客观事实,真理时,不管主句是什么时态,从句都用一般现在时; 语序:陈序语序 12. 考词性 -tion 一般为名词后缀 separation, selection, -ness 一般为名词后缀 cal
9、mness -ly 一般为副词后缀 luckily, fortunately, -ful 一般为形容词后缀 careful, -ing/-ed 一般为形容词后缀 -ing形容的是物; -ed形容的是人13. 固定搭配 pick up 捡起 wait for 等待 deal with 处理 think of 思考 look ahead向前看,预测未来 look out小心 look on冷眼旁观 look up仰望;查阅;拜访 be pleased with对.满意 be worried about担忧/心 be satisfied with 对.满意 be amazed at对.惊讶 clea
10、r away清除 send away发送,派遣 turn away拒绝 give away赠送,泄露 throw away扔掉 look for 寻找 look up 仰望;查阅;尊敬;拜访 look back 回顾;回头看 look out 注意;小心;面朝;照料 look down 俯视;向下看 look down upon 看不起 look after 照顾 look at 看 be made of. 由制成(看得见的材料) be made from. 由制成(看不见的材料) be made in.产于/制于某地 make up 构成,化妆 make up ones mind to do
11、 sth 下定决心做某事解题方法方法一:上下文推断法根据上下文的提示或暗示,体验语境和作者的情感态度,结合语法知识,选出符合场景的最佳选项。例1(2020年广东省卷节选)Judies class was studying Chinese culture.One day, her teacher went into the classroom31 some kites.31.A.to B.in C.with D.by例2(2020年广东省卷节选)He told them that kites 32 in China more than 2,000 years ago.At the end of
12、the class, he said,“The Chinese make kites that mean something important to them.”32.A.inventB.inventedC.are inventedD.were invented例3(2020年广东省卷节选)You will have a 34 understanding of kites than before.34.A.good B.better C.best D.the best例4(2020年广东省卷节选)“What do you think of when you see a kite?” her
13、dad asked.Judie thought for a moment and 36, “Butterflies.”36.A.answers B.answeredC.will answer D.has answered例5(2020年广东省卷节选)Judies dad agreed that it would be a good idea to make a butterfly kite.They made a cross with some wood sticks,37 then Judie painted a butterfly on a piece of white paper.Nex
14、t they stuck the paper on the cross. Finally they tied a long tail to the bottom. 37.A.and B.butC.or D.so例6(2020年广东省卷节选)Judies dad agreed that it would be a good idea to make a butterfly kiteNext they stuck the paper on the cross.Finally they tied a long tail to the bottom.The next morning, they too
15、k 38 kite to the park and tested it.38.A.a B.an C.the D.例7(2020年广东省卷节选)“Judie, can you tell me 40 you like butterflies?” asked her dad.Judie replied, “To me, butterflies mean beauty and freedom!”40.A.why B.which C.what D.when方法二:句子成分分析法分析句子的各个成分,结合语法知识,补充句子所缺的成分。语法选择中常考的句子成分:谓语(表示做动作的词)、宾语(动作的承受者)、定
16、语(修饰性质的词)、状语(时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件等)。例1(2020年广东省卷节选)Judie decided to ask her dad for help as it was 35 first time to make a kite.“What do you think of when you see a kite?” her dad asked.35.A.her B.herself C.hers D.she例2(2020年广州卷节选)The children hold their books close as they say good-bye and run home 12
17、.David and his donkeys head back, over and around the hills, and into the sunset.12.A.cheerB.cheerfulC.cheerfullyD.more cheerful方法三:固定搭配结合上下文并利用动词短语、介词短语、常用句型的固定搭配来直接选择答案。例1(2020年广东省卷节选)At the end of the class, he said, “The Chinese make kites that mean something important to them.I expect each of y
18、ou 33 a kite that means something important to you33.A.make B.to make C.making D.made例2(2020年广东省卷节选)“Wow!” she cried proudly.“39 high my butterfly flies!”39.A.What B.What a C.What an D.How易错点1如何判断形容词或副词的比较等级(2020年广东省卷节选)You will have a 34 understanding of kites than before.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.the
19、best易错点2如何区分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词(2020年广东省卷节选)Judie decided to ask her dad for help as it was 35 first time to make a kite.A.her B.herself C.hers D.she四、复习方法1.复习义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)中的各个语法点并能掌握和熟练运用各语法点的基本结构和基本规则。2.平时多积累,多阅读文章和对话,领悟文章、对话中句子与句子之间的关系,把握段落之间的关系,并理解整篇文章、对话的大致内容以及上下文逻辑关系,不断形成英语的语感,这样做起题目来会更加得心应手
20、。3.加强练习,从中发现并掌握该类题目的规律,对自己不熟悉的、容易错的语法知识抓紧时间查漏补缺。训练自己的逻辑思维,并提高做题的准确性。一 阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,从各题所给的 A、B、C和D 项中选出最佳选项Everyone uses his or her own special words 1 his or her ideas and feelings. Some of these expressions are 2 used for many years. 3 are popular for just a short time. Such an Americ
21、an expression is “Where is the beef?” It 4 when something is not as good as it is said to be. 5 , “Where is the beef?” was one of 6 expressions in the United States. It 7 as if everyone was using it at that time.We all know “McDonalds” was famous for a hamburger made 8 beef. When some businessmen sa
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