高中英语2024届高考考点讲解与练习(冠词+数词).doc
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1、高考英语语法考点讲解与练习一、冠词【知识要点】1、冠词分为三类:定冠词(the),不定冠词(a, an)和零冠词(即:名词前不使用冠词)。2、不定冠词的用法: 不定冠词基本用法:表示某一类或某一类中的某一个,表示类指、泛指。如: He is a student. 表示“每一”,与every / per同义。 He visited his parents a / every / per week.用于第一次提到的、对方不知道的名词前。 A man is waiting for you. 后接表示姓名的专有名词,表示“像这样的人”。如:He wants to be a Lu Xun. 用于一些习惯
2、用语、固定搭配中。如:at a loss, come to an end, all of a sudden, in a word, as a whole, have a knowledge of, have a population of, have a walk, take a rest, make a decision/plan, draw a conclusion, have a rest, have/take a look, have a history/population/knowledge of, a pair of, a number of, a lot of3、定冠词的用法:
3、 定冠词基本用法:表示说话双方都知道的人或事物,或特指某(些)人或事物,表示确指、特指。Who is the boy there? He is Tom. 上文提到的或谈话双方都知道的对象。There is a pen here.The pen is Toms. 世上独一无二的名词前。The earth goes around the sun. 序数词、最高级前。the first time the most beautiful 乐器名称前(西洋乐器)。the violin ;the piano 有后置定语、定语从句、s名词所有格限定的名词前。the September of 2011 the
4、book that you gave me the house to be built next month 与表示姓氏的名词的复数连用,表示夫妇俩或一家人。The Browns are having their dinner. the+某人姓名,表“某人的作品”或“某品牌的产品”。Yesterday, I bought the Lining. 用在比较级前表示两者中“更的一个”。He is the taller of the two boys. 固定短语中。all the time, all the same, to the point, in the end, by the end, ta
5、ke the place of, The morethe more4、零冠词的用法: 不可数名词前。I need some water.He is full of imagination. 指一日三餐、月份、四季、星期、节假日前的名词前。It is cold in winter here.Supper is very important.Today is Wednesday. 指棋类、球类运动的名词前。I like football. 表示头衔、职务的名词前,表示“头衔、职务”。He was made president.Barack Hussein Obama II became presi
6、dent of the United Sates. 短语搭配中:成对出现的短语:young and old teacher and student husband and wife knife and fork bread and butter day and night brother and sister介词短语: at night at ease at war in peace in prison in church at sea 动词短语: go to school go to hospital put into prison go to work go to bed make fri
7、ends with对称名词:day by day arm in arm day after day hand in hand from head to foot5、特殊情况: 表示乐器的名词:如果表示泛指意义,那么前面要使用不定冠词来修饰;如果这个名词被用来表示此类乐器的曲子,那么此时这个名词为不可数名词,前面就不能使用冠词了(即:应该使用零冠词)。如:Yesterday I bought a violin.I like listening to violin. 表示发明物的名词,如果表示泛指意义,那么前面要使用不定冠词。如:Yesterday I bought a computer. 如果抽
8、象名词表示具体的某一次(即:抽象名词具体化)时,前面要使用a/an进行限定;如果指具体的一次,前面则需要使用the进行限定。如:The project of yesterday was a success.The success (of the project) made him famous overnight. 如果指一日三餐、月份、四季、星期、节假日的名词前有形容词修饰,表示该名词具备的某种性质或特征时,前面需要加a/an进行修饰;如果是特指哪一个月份、星期、季节、节假日,或哪一顿饭,前面需要使用the来进行限定。如:a hot summer a quick breakfast a su
9、nny Fridaya wonderful AprilThe summer (of this year) is so hot.The breakfast is delicious. 指球类运动的名词,如果不指运动种类,而是指物体本身,表示泛指意义时,前面需要使用a/an进行修饰;表示特指意义时,前面要使用the进行限定。如:I bought a football yesterday.I like the football very much. 如果表示头衔、职称、职务的名词被用来指代担任此职务的人时,前面可以使用the进行限定;如果不止一个人担任此职务,那么名词前可以使用a/an进行修饰。如:
10、The president of that country will visit China next week.A vice chairman will host the meeting.【练习】单句语法填空1._ man is waiting for you.2._ woman in red is waiting for you.3._ woman in red is Toms mother.4.Life needs _ water.5._ water in the river has been polluted.6.Cathy is _ best friend of my mother.
11、7.Cathy is _ friend of my mothers.8.Would you please give me _ advice about how to learn English well?9.You can get _ information from the Internet.10.All _ information on the Internet isnt believable.11.He likes play _ football.Yesterday his parents bought him _ football as his birthday gift.He lik
12、es _ football very much.12.To own a healthy body, you must have _ breakfast.13.The alarm was broken.He had _ quick breakfast and rushed to work.14._ breakfast this morning is so delicious.15.Listen! Someone is playing _ piano.I feel familiar with _ piano.What _ amazing piano it is.16.We made Catheri
13、ne _ monitor.17._ monitor came into the classroom, announcing that wed have an outing tomorrow.18.Finally, it came to _ end.19.This city has _ population of 6 million.20.China has _ history of more than 5, 000 years.21.Nowadays, having _ knowledge of a foreign language is a must.22.All of _ sudden,
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