大学英语-翻译课件-基础笔译.ppt
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1、基础笔译课程,一、笔译基础 目的 介绍翻译的基本知识和理论 树立翻译的正确认识和态度 为翻译学习、实践和研究打基础 要求 了解翻译的基本性质、困难及应对方法 养成认真负责的工作态度 掌握翻译的学习方法 教学方法 理论知识讲授 翻译实践讲评 课堂讨论和练习,教学内容 理论部分 翻译的定义(古今中外的翻译定义、翻译的基本要素) 翻译者(理想翻译者、翻译困难、应对技巧、所需知识) 翻译理论研究(理论/研究内容、翻译的功能、工具和资源) 语言学分析I(词汇层次:词素、词汇、语义、语义分类) 语言学分析II(词汇之上:翻译单位、准确自然、形式内容) 语言学分析III(词汇之上: 习语、搭配,固定表达、成
2、语) 语言学分析IV(语法:词语形态、句法、语段/范式) 语言学分析VI(篇章:信息流,主/述位,非/常态、重心) 语言学分析V(粘连:指/替代、省略/重复、语义粘连、繁简) 语用学分析(语义/用含义、粘连/连贯、隐含、合作原则),11. 翻译理论视角I(由下而上的语言分析;目的论:能动性) 12. 翻译理论视角II(译者无形论:流畅、异/归化、“忠实”) 13. 翻译理论视角III(对等论:形式/功能、动态对等;妥协论) 14. 翻译职业(职业道德、准则、工作环境、生存状态、译联) 15. 翻译评价(评价标准、质量监控、反馈渠道、资格/等级考试) 16. 翻译与理论(语言学、翻译理论、理论的
3、价值、理论与实践) 实践部分 每周约300字/词翻译练习 英语翻译三级笔译 (外研社,曾诚、王琼琼),Lexical meaning,a)propositional meaning b) expressive meaning c)presupposed meaning d) evoked meaning Alan Cruse, Lexical Semantics (1986),a) propositional meaning 实质意义,the part of the meaning that determines the truth condition Shirt is “a piece of
4、 clothing worn on the upper part of the body” Inaccurate translation: to use shirt to refer to a piece of clothing worn on the foot, such as socks Peter is here/Peter is still here do not mean the same, but since they express true propositions in the same set of circumstances (they have the same tru
5、th conditions), so their propositional meaning is the same,b) expressive meaning 表达意义,the part of the meaning that relates to the speakers feelings/attitudes and cannot be judged as true or false Dont complain/Dont whinge 别哭/别哭哭啼啼,c)presupposed meaning预设意义,the part of the meaning that arises from co
6、-occurrence restrictions, that is to say, it depends on what other words we expect to see before or after a certain lexical unit. Restrictions can be: Selectional restrictions, connected to the propositional meaning of a word. For example, next to the adjective “furious” we expect a human subject, e
7、xcept in the case of figurative language.(小猪真胖/肥?) Collocational restrictions do not depend on the propositional meaning of a word but are linked to its usage in the various languages (学习知识/learn knowledge?),d) evoked meaning 联想/唤起意义,the part of the meaning that derives from dialect and register var
8、iation. A dialect is a variety of language used by a specific community of speakers and can be: Geographical (restricted to a certain area:flagfall?) Temporal (restricted to a certain period of time, age groups) Social (used by different social classes: Scent/ perfume) Register is a variety of langu
9、age used in specific situations, according to Field (Whats happening?) Tenor (People involved) Mode (Role of language),请将这篇选自The Economist的文章译成汉语,刊登在世界博览杂志上。 Snowbirds of the south-west Anybody who drives in Arizona at this time of year will be familiar with the annual migration of “snowbirds”retire
10、d people, that is, seeking to escape the sub-zero temperatures of the north for the balmy desert winter. As many as 300,000 snowbirds flock here each year, so if you havent seen one before, theres a good chance that your first encounter with this exotic creature will occur when you find yourself stu
11、ck behind a Jayco caravan with Nebraska licence plates doing 40mph on a single-lane highway. Most of Arizonas snowbirds start their journey in the rural mid-west. They tend to be less affluent than the urban north-easterners who make up most of Floridas winter-resident stock and who favour the more
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