专升本考试辅导语法.ppt
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1、一、动词时态一、动词时态 重要考点:完成时。过去完成时现在完成时将来完成时 一、用过去完成时的几个典型情况:by+过去时间:by then,up to then,till then,By1988,scientists surely had discovered cure for the common cold.It was the first/second/last time+从句 This was the second time he had been out with her alone.注:it is the first/second/last time that 用现在完成时。固定结构
2、:hardly/scarcely/barely when;no soonerthan 表示“刚刚就,不等就”。1.She had hardly(scarcely,barely)gone to bed when the bell rang.2.No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded.注:主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。二、用将来完成时的典型情况:by+将来时间We will have made our country one of the medium developed countries in the world
3、 by the year of 2050.By next Monday,she will have studied here for three years.时态练习:David_ the golf club for 2 years.A.has joined B.has been C.joined D.has been inYesterday when we left,they_ a meeting.A.were having B.have C.are having D.hadIf it_ next Sunday,we wont go to the park.A.rains B.rain C.
4、raining D.will rainWe _ in touch with each other since 2003.A.have kept B.had kept C.kept D.keepEven if it _ this afternoon,I will go there.A.has rained B.will rain C.rains D.will have rainedWhen we arrived at the airport,we were told our flight _.A.had been cancelled B.had cancelled C.has been canc
5、elled D.cancelled3.His grandfather_ for quite some years.A.had died B.has been died C.has been dead D.is deathIts been 5 years since he_ China.A.left B.had left C.has left D.leavingBy the time you get back,great changes _ in this area.A.will take place B.will be taken place C.are going to take place
6、 D.will have taken placeHe _ in a small workshop,but now he is the head of a big business company.A.used to working B.was used to work C.used to work D.was used to workingMy grandpa _ rural life.A.has used to B.used to C.is used to D.uses to 二、语态二、语态重要考点:被动语态。及物动词才有被动语态 形式:be+done will be done have/
7、had been done be being done1.He was hit by a car yesterday.2.A notice will be put up on the wall.3.That important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks.4.A new lake is being built in the park.只能作为不及物的动词和词组:occur,happen,break out,take place,come true,become a reality1.May 4th Movement took
8、place in 1919.2.When did the accident occur?用主动结构表示被动含义的情况:(1)read,write,wash,cook,keep,open,sell 等常和well,easily,smoothly等连用,用主动形式表示被动意义。1.The cloth washes well.2.In hot weather,meat wont keep long.(2)need,require,want,deserve,be worth+doing My watch needs repairing.This film is really worth seeing.
9、Who said the boy deserve punishing.(3)某些系动词如:feel,prove,smell,taste,sound 等形容词,也是主动表被动意义。The food tastes delicious.How sweet these flowers smell!(4)某些作表语的形容词后,用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。1.He is hard to please.2.The article is difficult to understand.sth.+be+easy/hard/difficult+to do在主动语态中,感官动词和使役动词常跟不带to的动词不定式,
10、但在被动语态中要有to。1.I saw her pass by the window.2.She was seen to pass by the window.语态练习:The anti-Japanese War _ in 1937.A)broke out B)was broken out C)had broken out D)was happened The work _ by the time you get here.A)would have been done B)will have been done C)would have done D)has been done“The cer
11、emony has already started.”“Look!The flag is _ now.”A)being raised B)risen C)being rising D)raisingThe film _ this Saturday.A)shows B)will show C)is to be shown D)is to showThe United Kingdom _ Great Britain and Northern Ireland.A.consisted of B.is consisted of C.consists of D.consistThere are more
12、than fifty proposals _ at the conference.A.discussed B.to be discussed C.discussing D.having discussed三、强调句三、强调句 It is thatIt was in Germany _ Einstein spent his childhood.A where B which C that D when It was not until she arrived in class _ realized she had forgotten her book.A and she B she C when
13、 D that she 四、倒装四、倒装1、当否定词置于句首时,主谓倒装。否定词有:Never,not,nowhere,little,seldom,Hardly,scarcely,rarely,Not only,no longer,not until,In no way,by no means,on no account,In/under no circumstances,in no case,2、为了避免句子部分重复,常用倒装。即so(neither,nor)+be 动词(助动词,情态动词)+主语,表示“也”。My father is an engineer;so is my husband
14、.Jane didnt attend my class;nor did Tom.注意:如表示赞同别人的陈述,so 后面的部分不倒装。-Jane is a good swimmer.-So she is.3、条件句中有were,had,should,could时,可以省略if,把were/had/should/could放在主语前。If he had studied more,he would have been able to pass the exam.Had he studied more,he would have been able to pass the exam.1.If it w
15、ere necessary,I might resign.2.If you had informed me earlier,I wouldnt have signed the contract.3.If I should have time,I would call on her.4、only+状语放在句首时。Only then did they notice that Susan was sitting in the dark.5、当sothat 或suchthat结构中的so/such放在句首时。So beautiful is the scenery of my hometown that
16、 each year it attracts thousands of tourists.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.By no means can we create or destroy energy.五、比较结构五、比较结构表达方式原级的表达:asas,not so/asas比较级的比较范围通过than 表达。最高级的比较范围通过among,of,in等表达。1.of the t
17、wo T-shirts,I chose the less expensive.比较结构中的省略:We often advise him not to drink more wine_ is good for his health.A.as B.that C.than D.but比较结构中的替代:By 2011,production in the area is expected to double _of 2010.A.that B.it C.one D.what比较级惯用法:More thanMorethan与其说不如说No more than 至多No less than 至少六、主谓一致
18、六、主谓一致就近原则:由or,neithernor,eitheror,not only but also等连接的并列主语。1)Either he or you like playing football.2)Either you or he likes playing football.there be 结构1)There is a speaker and many students in Room A209.2)There are many students and a speaker in Room A209.特殊情况:1)My mother,as well as my father,ha
19、s a key to the office.2)The man together with his wife and children sits there watching TV.某些词语构成的短语出现在主语中心词之后,谓语仍和前面的主语保持一致。例如:as well as,with,along with,like,together with,rather than,except,but,including,plus,besides,in addition to,no less than,由more than one或者many a 作主语,表示“许多”,但谓语动词要用单数。1)More t
20、han one student has passed the examination.2)Many a boy learns to swim before he can read.“one of+复数名词定语从句”:复数。“the only one of+复数名词定语从句”:单数1)She is one of the engineers who are good at English.2)She is the only one of the engineers who is good at English.七、非谓语动词七、非谓语动词不定式 分词动名词参见B级相关语法七七(一)不定式一)不定式
21、后面+to do 的动词:(后面接不定式做宾语)afford,agree,ask,choose,claim,decide,desire,determine,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,decline,seek,swear,wish,aim,long,strive,tend,fail,think,threaten,care,hate,prepare,undertake,help,want,hesitate,propose,plan,seem;后面接sb.+to do:advise,allow,ask,beg,caus
22、e,challenge,encourage,expect(要求),forbid,hire,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warn;固定词组,作独立成分:to be honest,to begin with,to cut a long story short,to get(back)to the point,to put it another way,to tell the truth;动词+how/what/where/which/when/why+to do有些动词后面跟不定式时,不定式前需要加疑问词,
23、如how,when,why,where,whether,which等。这些动词有:know,wonder,find out,guess,discuss等。The old man forgot how to get home after he left the shop.The leader concerned told the news reporters frankly that he did not know whom_ for the accident caused by fake wine.A.is blame B.to blame C.blames D.will blame在“名词(
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