国际贸易实务第14周.ppt
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1、HowtousetheIncoterms2010rules(4itemsintotal)selectedfromtheINTRODUCTIONofINCOTERMS20104.RememberthatIncotermsrulesdonotgiveyouacompletecontractofsalesIncotermsrulesdosaywhichpartytothesalecontracthastheobligationtomakecarriageorinsurancearrangements,whenthesellerdeliversthegoodstothebuyer,andwhichco
2、stseachpartyisresponsiblefor.Incotermsrules,however,saynothingaboutthepricetobepaidorthemethodofitspayment.Neitherdotheydealwiththetransferofownershipofthegoods,ortheconsequencesofabreachofcontract.Thesemattersarenormallydealtwiththroughexpresstermsinthecontractofsaleorinthelawgoverningthatcontract.
3、Thepartiesshouldbeawarethatmandatorylocallawmayoverrideanyaspectofthesalecontract,includingthechosenIncotermsrule.第4章2Main features of the Incoterms 2010 rules(9featuresintotal)selectedfromtheINTRODUCTIONofINCOTERMS20101.TwonewIncotermsrulesDATandDAPhavereplacedtheIncoterms2000rulesDAF,DES,DEQandDDU
4、ThenumberofIncotermsruleshasbeenreducedfrom13to11.ThishasbeenachievedbysubstitutingtwonewrulesthatmaybeusedirrespectiveoftheagreedmodeoftransportDAT,DeliveredatTerminal,andDAP,DeliveredatPlacefortheincoterms2000rulesDAF,DES,DEQandDDU.Underbothnewrules,deliveryoccursatanameddestination:inDAT,atthebuy
5、ersdisposalunloadedfromthearrivingvehicle(asundertheformerDEQrule);inDAP,likewiseatthebuyersdisposal,butreadyforunloading(asundertheformerDAF,DESandDDUrules).ThenewrulesmaketheIncoterms2000rulesDESandDEQsuperfluous.ThenamedterminalinDATmaywellbeinaport,andDATcanthereforesafelybeusedincaseswheretheIn
6、coterms2000ruleDEQoncewas.Likewise,thearriving“vehicle”underDAPmaywellbeashipandthenamedplaceofdestinationmaywellbeaport:consequently,DAPcansafelybeusedincaseswheretheIncoterms2000ruleDESoncewas.Thesenewrules,liketheirpredecessors,are“delivered”,withthesellerbearingallthecosts(otherthanthoserelatedt
7、otheimportclearances,whereapplicable)andrisksinvolvedinbringingthegoodstothenamedplaceofdestination.第4章32.Classificationofthe11Incoterms2010rules7.Security-relatedclearancesandinformationrequiredforsuchclearancesThereisheightenedconcernnowadaysaboutsecurityinthemovementofgoods,requiringverificationt
8、hatthegoodsdonotposeathreattolifeorpropertyforreasonsotherthantheirinherentnature.Therefore,theIncoterms2010ruleshaveallocatedobligationsbetweenthebuyerandthesellertoobtainortorenderassistanceinobtainingsecurity-relatedclearances,suchaschain-of-custodyinformation,inarticlesA2/B2andA10/B10ofvariousIn
9、cotermsrules.9.StringsalesInthesaleofcommodities,asopposedtothesaleofmanufacturedgoods,cargoisfrequentlysoldseveraltimesduringtransit“downastring”.Whenthishappens,asellerinthemiddleofthestringdoesnot“ship”thegoodsbecausethesehavealreadybeenshippedbythefirstsellerinthestring.Thesellerinthemiddleofthe
10、stringthereforeperformsitsobligationstowardsitsbuyernotbyshippingthegoods,butby“procuring”goodsthathavebeenshipped.Forclarificationpurposes,Incoterms2010rulesincludetheobligationto“procuregoodsshipped”asanalternativetotheobligationtoshipthegoodsintherelevantIncotermsrules.VariantsofIncotermsrulesSom
11、etimesthepartieswanttoalteranIncotermsrule.TheIncoterms2010rulesdonotprohibitsuchalternation,buttherearedangersinsodoing.Inordertoavoidanyunwelcomesurprises,thepartieswouldneedmaketheintendedeffectofsuchalternationextremelyclearintheircontract.Thus,forexample,iftheallocationofcostintheIncoterms2010i
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