外刊英语Week10_20240302PDF.pdf
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1、 周一 Why do Nvidias chips dominate the AI market?.2 周二 Podcasts got their name 20 years ago this month.5 周三 The troubling decline in the global fertility rate.8 周四 Changing Car Culture Benefit Our Health.11 周五 Apple Revolutionized Auto Industry.15 周六 Why you should lose your temper at work?.18 周日 Ove
2、rwhelmed?Just Say No.21 新英文外刊公众号 新英文外刊 新英文外刊 20240302 每周精选 Week10 ontents目录 新英文外刊公众号 2024-3-2 2/23 Why do Nvidias chips dominate the AI market?The firm has three big advantages.No other firm has benefited from the boom in artificial intelligence(AI)as much as Nvidia.Since January 2023 the chipmakers
3、 share price has surged by almost 450%.With the total value of its shares approaching$2trn,Nvidia is now Americas third-most valuable firm,behind Microsoft and Apple.Its revenues for the most recent quarter were$22bn,up from$6bn in the same period last year.Most analysts expect that Nvidia,which con
4、trols more than 95%of the market for specialist AI chips,will continue to grow at a blistering pace for the foreseeable future.What makes its chips so special?新英文课堂 扫码听音频 Feb 27,2024|595 words|Business 新英文外刊公众号 2024-3-2 3/23 Nvidias AI chips,also known as graphics processor units(GPUs)or“accelerator
5、s”,were initially designed for video games.They use parallel processing,breaking each computation into smaller chunks,then distributing them among multiple“cores”the brains of the processorin the chip.This means that a GPU can run calculations far faster than it would if it completed tasks sequentia
6、lly.This approach is ideal for gaming:lifelike graphics require countless pixels to be rendered simultaneously on the screen.Nvidias high-performance chips now account for four-fifths of gaming GPUs.Happily for Nvidia,its chips have found much wider uses:cryptocurrency mining,self-driving cars and,m
7、ost important,training of AI models.Machine-learning algorithms,which underpin AI,use a branch of deep learning called artificial neural networks.In these networks computers extract rules and patterns from massive datasets.Training a network involves large-scale computationsbut because the tasks can
8、 be broken into smaller chunks,parallel processing is an ideal way to speed things up.A high-performance GPU can have more than a thousand cores,so it can handle thousands of calculations at the same time.Once Nvidia realised that its accelerators were highly efficient at training AI models,it focus
9、ed on optimising them for that market.Its chips have kept pace with ever more complex AI models:in the decade to 2023 Nvidia increased the speed of its computations 1,000-fold.But Nvidias soaring valuation is not just because of faster chips.Its competitive edge extends to two other areas.One is net
10、working.As AI models continue to grow,the data centres running them need thousands of GPUs lashed together to boost processing power(most computers use just a handful).Nvidia connects its GPUs through a high-performance network based on products from Mellanox,a supplier of networking technology that
11、 it acquired in 2019 for$7bn.This allows it to optimise the performance of its network of chips in a way that competitors cant match.新英文外刊公众号 2024-3-2 4/23 Nvidias other strength is CUDA,a software platform that allows customers to fine tune the performance of its processors.Nvidia has been investin
12、g in this software since the mid-2000s,and has long encouraged developers to use it to build and test AI applications.This has made CUDA the de facto industry standard.Nvidias juicy profit margins and the rapid growth of the AI accelerator marketprojected to reach$400bn per year by 2027have attracte
13、d competitors.Amazon and Alphabet are crafting AI chips for their data centres.Other big chipmakers and startups also want a slice of Nvidias business.In December 2023 Advanced Micro Devices,another chipmaker,unveiled a chip that by some measures is roughly twice as powerful as Nvidias most advanced
14、 chip.But even building better hardware may not be enough.Nvidia dominates AI chipmaking because it offers the best chips,the best networking kit and the best software.Any competitor hoping to displace the semiconductor behemoth will need to beat it in all three areas.That will be a tall order.新英文外刊
15、公众号 2024-3-2 5/23 Aural history:Podcasts got their name 20 years ago this month A once-fringe medium has gone mainstream,but many wonder what the future holds Joe Rogan talks into a microphone for his podcast.In February 2004 Ben Hammersley,a British journalist,noticed a new kind of digital media:“d
16、ownloadable radio”produced by geeky amateurs or public broadcasters.Mr Hammersley suggested a few names for it.Fortunately“audioblogging”and“GuerillaMedia”did not catch on.But a third did:podcasting,a portmanteau of“iPod”and“broadcasting”.At a tech conference the next year,Steve Jobs,Apples boss,ask
17、ed how many people in the audience had heard of podcasting,which he described as“Waynes World for radio”.Not a single person raised their hand.But today,20 years after they got their name,podcasts 新英文课堂 扫码听音频 Feb 22,2024|641 words|Culture 新英文外刊公众号 2024-3-2 6/23 are mainstream.Around 43%of American i
18、nternet users and 30%of Britons listen to at least one a month.You can open Apple,Spotify and,increasingly,YouTube to find some 4m shows by everyone from ex-convicts to duchesses.Podcasting has turned anyone with a microphone into a talking head who can talk straight into peoples earbuds.Like butt-d
19、ialling and doom-scrolling,the podcasting boom was facilitated by the smartphone.The iPhone was released in 2007;the first standalone podcast apps came out between 2010 and 2012.In 2014“Serial”,a binge-worthy investigation into the botched murder trial of a teenager in Maryland,arrived;it was the fi
20、rst show to gain attention in mainstream American culture.(The first season has been downloaded more than 300m times.)The number of monthly podcast listeners in America doubled in the five years after 2014.Since“Serial”,podcasting has been in a“hyper-charged,hyper-capitalist,hyper-speculative period
21、”,says Nicholas Quah,a podcast critic.Tech companies swooped in,such as Spotify,which was hungry for new customers and audio content it could have royalty-free.(Spotify has invested$1bn in podcasting since 2018.)But last yearcue the“record scratch”sound effectthe music stopped.Economic headwinds wer
22、e one factor.But advertisers and investors also realised that they know relatively little about how many people actually listen to podcasts:“downloads”,the standard industry metric for engagement,do not always equate to listening.Spotify eliminated 200 podcasting jobs;others followed suit.Many well-
23、regarded shows were cancelled,including“Stolen”,which won the Pulitzer prize for audio journalism in 2023.Podcasters learned that“excellence wont save you”,says Neil Verma,a media-studies scholar.Although producers are struggling to turn a profit,podcasting is in the ascendant.Advertising spending a
24、nd listening time are predicted to rise.But the medium“is growing in a direction that is hard for a lot of the podcast originalists to accept”,says Ariel Shapiro,who writes Hot Pod,an industry newsletter.新英文外刊公众号 2024-3-2 7/23 What does the future hold?Some think the future of podcasting lies in vid
25、eo.Many podcasts,including a talk show hosted by Joe Rogan(pictured),the most popular podcast globally,now employ video to increase their audience.“We will be watching podcasts,we will be skipping chapters of podcasts,and you will be commenting on them at the end,”predicts Will Page,Spotifys former
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