2019版高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions达标巩固练(含解析)新人教版选修8.doc
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1、1UnitUnit 3 3 InventorsInventors andand inventionsinventions李仕才*阅读理解。Nowadays a third of primary schoolchildren in China are suffering from psychological ill-health as a result of classroom stress and parental pressure, according to a study published on Tuesday. The problem is so bad that urgent mea
2、sures are needed, warns the study, led by British and Chinese researchers. The investigation surveyed 2, 191 pupils aged 9 to 12 in nine schools in urban and rural Zhejiang, a relatively prosperous coastal province in eastern China. Eighty-one percent of the youngsters said they worried “a lot” abou
3、t exams, 63 percent feared being punished by their teachers, 44 percent had been physically bullied at least sometimeswith boys likelier to be victims than girlsand 73 percent had been physically punished by their parents. Most of the children complained they struggled to cope with the amount of hom
4、ework they were assigned. Over one-third reported headaches or abdominal painspsychosomatic symptoms of stressat least once a week. The most stressed children reported incidence of aches or pains of four times a week. The investigation, led by Therese Hesketh, a professor at University College Londo
5、n (UCL) Centre for International Health and Development, pointed the finger at extreme competitiveness in Chinas education system, from the onset of primary school. “The competitive and punitive educational environment leads to high levels of stress and psychosomatic symptoms, ” the authors say. “Me
6、asures to reduce unnecessary stress on children in schools should be introduced urgently. ”The paper appears in Archives of Disease in Childhood, a peer-reviewed journal of the British Medical Association (BMA). 2The “urban” setting for the study was Hangzhou, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, whi
7、le the “rural” setting was a poor county in Quzhou prefecture, in the west of the province. The study highlights some of the complexities that, it says, explain the demands for academic excellence and intolerance of failure. One factor is the countrys dramatic rise in prosperity, which has created “
8、previously unheard-of possibilities for upward mobility” and in turn stoked pressures on children to do well at school. Other reasons are Chinas one-child policy and the Confucian traditions of respect for parents and elders, filial piety, obedience and discipline. “The aspirations of many parents,
9、who had limited educational opportunities themselves are now invested in their only children, ” it says. Previous studies on school-related stress and its impact on health are few and generally come from Scandinavia. A 2008 assessment among 10-to 13-year-old in Sweden found that 21 percent of boys a
10、nd 30 percent of girls experienced headache, and 17 percent of boys and 28 percent of girls experienced abdominal pain at least once per week. 【文章大意】本文是一篇报告。文章讲述了中国孩子们在面对大量考试中, 所承受的精神上和身体上的压力, 以至于他们产生了很多不良现象。1. What mainly caused schoolchildren to suffer from psychological ill-health? A. Competitive
11、ness in education system. B. Classroom stress and parental pressure. C. Physical punishment from their parents. D. Endless homework from school teachers. 【解析】选 B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“as a result of classroom stress and parental pressure, according to a study published on Tuesday. ”可知 B 正确。2. The underlin
12、ed part “cope with” in Para. 5 most probably means _. A. to fit in B. to adapt toC. to deal with D. to get along with3【解析】选 C。词义猜测题。根据文章中的“Most of the children complained they struggled to cope with the amount of homework they were assigned. ”可知: 大多数孩子抱怨他们挣扎着处理作业。猜测 cope with 意为: 处理。3. What can we i
13、nfer from the passage? A. More and more schoolchildren will drop out of school soon. B. Homework and examinations will be cancelled at all schools. C. Parents and teachers will give up educating the schoolchildren. D. Too much stress does great harm to schoolchildren physically and mentally. 【解析】选 D
14、。推理判断题。根据文章的第四段和第六段中的“Over one-third reported headaches or abdominal painspsychosomatic symptoms of stressat least once a week. ”可知 D 正确。4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Children in China sickened by school pressure. B. Measures to reduce unnecessary stress on children. C. The investigati
15、on, led by University College London. D. Extreme competitiveness in Chinas education system. 【解析】选 A。主旨大意题。文章通篇谈论的是: 中国的孩子们在精神上和身体上承受很多压力之后, 出现的多种病态的表现。所以 A 正确。*语法填空。They survive in some of the coldest environments in the worldbut even penguins appreciate a warm woolly jumper (套头毛衣) once in a while.
16、The mini knitted garments have helped save hundreds of flightless birds caught _1_oil leaks, providing protection from the elements and stopping them from swallowing _2_(poison) pollution.Knits for Nature, a program run by the Penguin Foundation, _3_ conserves the little penguin population of Philli
17、p Island, 140 km southeast of Melbourne, _4_(create) up to 300 different designs over the yearsand it is all thanks to talented volunteers. “Theres a lot of _5_ (hide) creativity out there, ” said Lyn Blom, of Phillip Island Nature Park.“People love to know that theyre helping the penguins _6_ theyr
18、e so 4cute and small and they waddle up the beach and theyre so strong. But they need to be, for they live in _7_pretty tough sort of environment.”A thumbnailsized patch of oil can kill little penguins, the _8_ (small) of the species, measuring just 13 inches (33 cm) and weighing 2.2 lbs (1kg). The
19、oil separates and mats their feathers, breaking natural waterproof and heating functions.Ms Blom estimates _9_she has knitted between 200 and 300 penguin jumpers over the years, including _10_in the colours of every Australian football team in the country.1_2._3._4._5._ 6._7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ 篇章导读:本文是一
20、篇记叙文。Ms Blom 编织的迷你毛衣成功拯救了数百只企鹅,能防止它们接触到石油中的微量元素,甚至误食有毒的污染物。1in 考查介词。这里是“be caught in”的固定搭配,意思为“被困于中” 。文中是过去分词短语作定语修饰 flightless birds。2poisonous 考查词性转换。poisonous 作为形容词修饰其后面的名词。3which 考查定语从句的引导词。空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代先行词 the Penguin Foundation,并在从句中作主语,故用 which。4has created 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“over the years”可知这
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