考研英语(一)真题.pdf
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1、2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWERSHEET.(10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems,digital maps,and other navigation apps are available on our smartphone Ifew
2、of us just walk straight into the woods 森林 without a phone.But phones_ 2 run on 运行batteries,and batteries can die faster than we re a liz e.if3 _ you get lost without a phone or a compass,and yougradually 4_ cant find north,a few tricks 技巧 to help you navigate 导航 off5_ to civilization,one of which i
3、sto follow the land.When you find yourself well_ 6off 去了_ a trail 小路,but not in a completely _ 7 _ area,you have to answertwo questions:Which _ 8 way is downhill 向下,in this particular 特另ij 的 area?And where is the nearest watersource?Humans overwhelmingly 大多数,压 彳 到 性 live in valleys,and on supplies o
4、f fresh water._ 9_,if you headdownhill,and follow any H2O you find,you should_10_ see signs of people.If youve explored 勘探,调查 the area before,keep an eye out fbr familiar sightsyou may be _ 11_ howquickly identifying 认出 a distinctive 精确的 rock or tree can restore your bearings 方位.关系影响举止 n,忍受 vAnother
5、_ 12option 选择_:Climb high and look for signs of human habitation 居住地._ 13,even in dense 茂密 forest,you should able to _ 1 4 spot 看出 gaps in the tree line due to roads,train tracks 轨道小路,and other pathspeople carve 开辟_ 15_ the woods.Head toward these _ 16_ to find a way out.At night,scan the horizon fb
6、r _ 17light sources,such as fires and streetlights,then walk toward the glow of-群 light pollution._ 1 8 _,assuming 假设 youre lost in an area humans tend to frequent,look for the_19_we leave on thelandscape.Trail blazes 火焰痕迹,tire tracks 轮胎履带,and other features can _ 2 0 _ you to civilization.1.A Some2
7、.AJ put3.A Since4.A formally 正式5.fA back6.A onto7.A unattractive8.A site10JAJ immediately1 l.A suiprised12.A problem13.A Above all14.A bridge15.A form16.A posts17.A artificial18.A Finally19.A memoriesB MostBJ takeBl IfB relativelyB nextB uncrowdedB pointB YetB intentionallyB annoyedB optionB In cont
8、rastB avoidBl throughBJ linksB mysteriousB ConsequentlyB marksC FewIC runC Though|C gradually 逐渐C aroundCJ acrossC unchanged(CJ wayCl InsteadCJ unexpectedlyC frightenedC viewC On averageCspotCl beyondC shades 树荫Cl hiddenCJ incidentallyC notesD AllD comeD UntilD awayD aloneD placeD BesidesD eventuall
9、yD confusedDJ resultD For exampleDJ separateDunderD limitedD GenerallyD belongings12O.AJ restrictBadoptIC leadD expose2Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers onthe ANSWER SHEET.(40 p
10、oints)Text 1Financial regulators 监管机构 in Britain have imposed 推行 a rather 相当 unusual rule on the bosses of bigbanks.Starting next year,any guaranteed bonus 固定奖金 of top executives 管理人员 could be delayed 10 years iftheir banks are under investigation 调查 for wrongdoing 违法行为.The main purpose of this“claw
11、back“rule is tohold bankers accountable for 负贡 harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution.Yetofficials also hope for a much larger benefit:more long term decision-making not only by banks but by allcorporations,to build a stronger economy for future generations.“Short-t
12、ermism“or the desire for quick profits,has worsened in publicly traded companies,says the Bank ofEnglands top economist.Andrew Haldane.He quotes a giant of classical economics,Alfred Marshall,in describingthis financial impatience 急躁 as acting like Children who pick the plums 李子 out of their pudding
13、 511ini to eat themat once rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain,he notes,has dropped from sevenyears to seven months in recent decades.Transient 临时,短暂的 investors,who demand high quarterly profits fromcompanies,can
14、hinder a firms efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty 忠诚度.This hasbeen dubbed quarterly capitalism”In addition,new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities,quicker use of information,and thus shorters attention spans in financial markets.There
15、 seems to be a predominance of 占优势,压彳到性的short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securitiesand Exchange Commission in a speech this week.In the US,the Sarbanes-Oxley Acl of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer 推迟 performancebonu
16、ses fbr senior executives by about a year,slightly helping reduce“short-termism In its latest survey of CEOpay,The Wall Street Journal finds that“a substantial 大量 part“of executive pay is now tied to performance.Much more could be done to encourage long-termism.such as changes in the tax code and qu
17、icker disclosure 披露 ofstock acquisitions 收购.In France,shareholders 股东 who hold onto a company investment for at least two yearscan sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.Within companies,the right compensation 补偿 design can provide incentives for executives to think beyondtheir own time at t
18、he company and on behalf of all stakeholders.Britains new rule is a reminder to bankers thatsociety has an interest in their performance,not just for the short term but for the long term.21.According to Paragraph 1,one motive in imposing the new rule is theA,enhance bankers sense of responsibilityB.
19、help corporations achieve larger profitsC.build a new system of financial regulationD.guarantee the bonuses of top executives22.Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicateAJ.the conditions for generating quick profitsB|.governments impatience in decision-makingC.the solid structure of publicly traded comp
20、aniesD.short-termism in economic activities23.It is argued that the influence of transient 短暂的 investment on public companies can beA.indirect|B.adverse 不利的 C.minimal D.temporary24.The US and France examples and used to illustrate3A.the obstacles to preventing“short-termism”.BJ.the significance of l
21、ong-term thinking.4C.the approaches to promoting“long-termism.IDJ.the prevalence 流行 of short-term thinking.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A.Failure of Quarterly CapitalismB.Patience as a Coiporate VirtueC.Decisiveness Required of Top ExecutivesDI,Frustration 沮丧受挫 of R
22、isk-taking BankersText 2Grade 等级 inflation 通货膨胀一the gradual increase in average GPAs(grade-point averages)over the past fewdecadesis often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education,in which students are treated likecustomers to be pleased.But another,related forcea policy often buri
23、ed deep in course catalogs called“gradeforgiveness一 is helping raise GPAs.Grade forgiveness allows students to retake 收复 a course in which they received a low grade,and the mostrecent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts 计数 in calculating a students overall GPA.The use of this litt
24、le-known practice has accelerated in recent years,as colleges continue to do their utmosl 最大的 to keep students in school(and paying tuition)and improve their graduation rates.When this practice first starteddecades ago,it was usually limited to freshmen,to give them a second chance to take a class i
25、n their first year if theystruggled in their transition to college-level courses.But now most colleges,save for many selective campuses,allowall undergraduates,and even graduate students,to get their low grades forgiven.College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less a
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