初中英语人教新目标八年级下册Unit1知识点.doc
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1、八年级英语下册Unit1知识点一、重点短语1.have a fever 发烧 2.have a cough 咳嗽3.have a toothache 牙疼 4.talk too much 说得太多5.drink enough water 喝足够的水 6.have a cold 受凉;感冒7.have a stomachache 胃疼 8.have a sore back 背疼9.have a sore throat 喉咙痛 10.lie down and rest 躺下来休息11.hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 12.see a dentist 看牙医13.get an X
2、-ray 拍X 光片 14.take one s temperature 量体温15.put some medicine on sth.在上面敷药 16.feel very hot 感到很热17.sound like 听起来像 18.all weekend 整个周末19.in the same way 以同样的方式 20.go to a doctor 看医生21.go along 沿着走 22.on the side of the road 在马路边23.shout for help 大声呼救 24.without thinking twice 没有多想25.get off 下车 26.hav
3、e a heart problem 有心脏病27.to one s surprise 使.惊讶的 28.thanks to 多亏了 ;由于29.in time 及时 30.save a life 挽救生命31.get into trouble 造成麻烦 32.right away 立刻;马上33.because of 由于 34.get out of 离开;从出萍35.hurt oneself 受伤 36.put a bandage on sth.用绷带包扎37.fa ll down 摔倒 38.feel sick 感到恶心39.have a nosebleed 流鼻血 40.cut his
4、knee 割伤他的膝盖41.put her head back 把她的头向后仰 42.have problems breathing 呼吸困难43.mountain climbing 登山运动 44.be used to doing sth.习惯做某事45.run out (of) 用完;用尽 46.so that 以便47.so.that 如此 以至于 48.be in control of 掌管;管理49.in a difficult situation 在闲境中 50.keep on doing sth.继续或坚持做某事51.make a decision 做出决定 52.take ri
5、sks 冒险53.give up 放弃二、Section A1.What s the matter? 怎么啦?出什么事情了?【解析】matter/ mt(r) /n.问题;事情 What s the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you?= What s wrong with you?你怎么了?【注】 matter 和trouble 为名词,其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词,wrong 是adj.不能加the【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时, 与介词with连用。即:Whats the matter wi
6、th sb.? = Whats your trouble?= Whats up? = What happens to sb.?【拓展】matter的用法(1) It doesnt matter 没关系 (用来回答别人道歉时的用语)(2) as a matter of fact= in fact 事实上, 实际上2.I have a cold 我感冒了I have a stomachache 我患胃痛I have a sore back.我背痛。【解析1】have a cold 受凉;感冒have a/an + 疾病名词 “患病” (cold/fever/cough) have a sore t
7、hroat 患喉咙痛 have a sore back 患背痛 have a fever 发烧 have a cold =catch a cold 患感冒have a stomachache 患胃痛 have a toothache患牙痛have a headache 患头痛 have a backache患背痛【解析2】back n 背;背部, at the back of.在.的后面go/come back 返回 give back 归还3.hand n 手, hand in hand 手拉手V 交给;传递 hand in 上交 hand on 依次传递 hand out 分发4.She
8、talked too much yesterday and didnt drink enough water.她昨天说话太多了并且没有喝足够的水。【解析1】too much/too many/much too短语含义用法例句too much太多后接不可数名词There is too much rain these days修饰动词,放在动词之后Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.too many太多后接可数名词复数There are too many things for me to do every day.much too太修饰形容词或副词I
9、ts much too cold in winter.【解析2】enough 的用法(1) adj.足够的,充分的 修饰名词时,可放在名词之前或之后,enough time(2) adv.“足够地, 十分,相当”修饰adj./adv,放在adj./adv 后,expensive enough(3) be +adj.+enough to do sth be strong enough to carry the box.5.drink some hot tea with honey.喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶。【解析】with :prep “具有, 带有” , 表示某物带有或具有某种特征。She is a
10、 girl with long hair.with (反) withoutprep.和.一起I like to talk freely with my friends. prep 用., 表示“使用某种工具”Cut it with a knife.6.see a dentist and get an x- ray.看牙医并且拍张x光。【解析1】see a dentist = go to a dentist看牙医see a doctor = go to a doctor 看医生【解析2】X-ray/eks rei/n.X 射线;X 光 7.What should she do?她该怎么办呢?Sh
11、ould I take my temperature?我应该量一下体温吗?【解析1】should “应该” 情态动词,后跟动词原形,表示责任和义务,没有人称和数的变化,多用于表示劝告或建议。否定形式: should not =shouldnt 不应该主语+ should/ shouldnt + 动词原形.变成一般疑问句时将should提到句首。You should lie down and rest.你应该躺下休息一会儿。 You shouldnt t go out at night.你晚上不应该出去。【解析2】take ones temperature 量体温8.No, it doesnt
12、sound like you have a fever.不需要, 听起来你不像发烧了。【解析1】sound like 听起来像, 后接名词或名词性短语作表语。sound like+名词代词和从句It sounds like a good idea.It sounds like you dont know the truth.sound +形容词,“听起来,好像”【拓展】 “感官动词+ likefeel like 摸起来像 smell like 闻起来像 look like 看起来像taste like 尝起来像【解析2】fever/ fi:v:(r)/n.发烧 have a fever 发烧Y
13、ou need to take breaks away from the computer.你需要休息一下,远离电脑。9.You need to take break away from the computer.你需要远离电脑,休息休息。【解析1】need v 需要 用于肯定句是实义动词。变成否定句或疑问句,要借助助动词do/does/did(1) need sth 需要某物, I need your help.(2) 人做主语,sb need to do sth 某人需要做某事Do you need to drink more water?(3) 物做主语,sth need doing s
14、th = sth need to be done 某物需要被做My TV set needs repairing.need用于否定句是情态动词,后跟动词原形。neednt = dont have to 没有必要must 开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用neednt【解析2】 take breaks=take a break=have a break休息一下【拓展】与take 相关的短语take in吸入take a message捎个口信;传话take a photo拍照take a shower淋浴;洗澡take a trip去旅行take a vacation去度假take
15、 a walk散步take an interest in对感兴趣take away拿走take breaks(take a break)休息一下take care of照顾;照看take care当心;小心take it easy从容;轻松;别紧张take notes做笔记take off起飞;成功take ones place代替;替换takeseriously认真对待take out the rubbish倒垃圾take out取出take part in参加;参与take place发生take pride in=be pride of对感到自豪take the subway乘地铁tak
16、e time花费(时间)take up占据空间、时间;开始从事;拿起take ones temperature量体温9.I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。【解析】without doing sth.没有做某事 (反)with (后跟Ving),in the same way 以同样的方式【拓展】与way相关的短语:all the way 一路上 by way of 经由,通过方式in no way决不 get in the way 挡道by the way 顺便提一下,另外
17、 in ones/the way 妨碍,阻碍in a way 在某点,某种程度上 in this way 用这种方法lead the way 带路,引路 lose ones way 迷路on the/ones way(to) 在去的路上10.If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor.如果你的头和脖子明天还疼的话, 就去看医生。【解析1】neck /nek/ n.颈;脖子neck and neck 不分上下,势均力敌【解析2】hurt /h:(r)t/ v.(使痛 ;受伤)表示肉体感到疼痛或不适,使用时应用疼痛的
18、具体部位作主语。My leg hurts.go to a doctor=see the doctor去看医生【拓展】【辨析】hurt,injure,harm与wound相同点都有“伤”的意思不同点hurt不及物动词表示“痛”,还可表示“使人的肉体受伤而疼痛”。或“伤了人的自尊心或感情”Xiao Li hurt herself when she fell down the stairs.小李从楼梯上摔下时跌伤了injure只能做及物动词表示“伤害,损害,毁坏”。一般指由于意外或事故造成损伤,它常暗示受伤部位的功能受到影响。Drinking can injure ones health.喝酒对人的
19、健康有害。harm作及物动词表示“损害,伤害,危害”Smoking harms our health.吸烟有害健康。wound作及物动词表示“使受伤,伤害”The hunter wounded the deer.猎人击伤了鹿。11.At 9:00 a.m .yesterday, bus No.26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road.昨天上午9:00 , 26路公共汽车正沿着中华路行驶,这时,司机看见一位老人躺在马路上。【解析1】along/ dow
20、n相同点: prep “顺着;沿着”不同点: along 强调顺着水平方向down 指“沿着下坡或者往南走”【解析2】see (saw , seen) v 看见(1) see sb.do sth 看见某人做某事 (强调动作发生的全过程或经常性的动作)Lucy said she saw me do the housework.(2) see sb.doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 (强调动作正在发生)I see mom cooking in the kitchen.【解析3】lie/lai/v.(lay/lei/ )躺 ;平躺lie lay lain v 躺下,(现在分词lying ).l
21、ie down 躺下lie down and rest 躺下休息12.The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus without thinking twice.公共汽车司机,24岁的王平,毫不犹豫的停下了车。【解析】24-year-old 24岁的“数词+名词+形容词”构成复合形容词,在句中作定语,用连字符后连接,名词用单数。【注】复合形容词的特点:(1)各词之间有连字符号(2)名词用单数(1)a 24-year-old man 24岁的男人(2)24-year-olds 作为名词 24岁(3)twenty-four years
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